FEM Updating for Offshore Jacket Structures Using Measured Incomplete Modal Data 2 2 Marine industry requires continued development of new technologies in order to produce oil. An essential requirement in design is to be able to compare experimental data from prototype structures with predicted information from a corresponding analytical finite element model. In this study, structural model updating may be defined as the fit of an existing analytical model in the light of measured vibration test. After fitting, the updated model is expected to represent the dynamic behavior of the jacket structure more precisely. In this way, current article presents a direct based updating study of a reduced scale four-story spatial frame jacket structure fabricated and tested at mechanical system and signal processing laboratory. Also, an efficient model updating process is presented with limited modal data, which uses modal data in order to improve the correlation between the experimental and analytical models. The proposed technique is computationally efficient since it does not require iterations. It updates the mass and stiffness matrix such that they are compatible with the modal data of the observed modes. 1 11 2016/01/5 1394/10/15 2016/03/15 1394/12/25 Farhad Hosseinlou Farhad Hosseinlou University of Tabriz Iran F.Hosseinlou@tabrizu.ac.ir Alireza Mojtahedi Alireza Mojtahedi University of Tabriz Iran Mojtahedi@tabrizu.ac.ir Offshore Jacket Platforms Model Updating Signal Processing Experimental Modal Analysis Improved Reduction System. Taylan, K., Erdinc, N., Yildiz, H. and Nevzat, O., (2012), A new method to determine dynamically equivalent finite element models of aircraft structures from modal test data, Mech. Sys. Signal Process. Vol. 31, p. 94-108##Esfandiari, A., Bakhtiari-Nejad, F., Sanayei, M. and Rahai, A., (2010), Structural finite element model updating using transfer function data, Comp. Struct.Vol.88, p.54-64##Modak, S. V., Kundra, T. K. and Nakra, B. C., (2002), Comparative study of model updating methods using simulated experimental data, Comp. Struct., Vol. 80, p. 437-447##Wu, J.R. and Li, Q.S., (2004), Finite element model updating for a high- rise structure based on ambient vibration measurements, Eng. Struct., Vol. 26, p.979-990##Friswell, M.I. and Mottershead, J.E., (1995), Finite element model updating in structural dynamics, Kluwer Academic Publishers##Mottershead, J.E. and Friswell, M.I., (1993), Model updating in structural dynamics: A Survey, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 167(2), p. 347-375##Wang, SH., Li, Y. and Li, H., (2015), Structural model updating of an offshore platform using the cross model cross mode method: An experimental study, Ocean Engineering. Vol. 97, p. 57-64##Yuan, Z.X. and Yu, K.P., (2015), Finite element model updating of damped structures using vibration test data under base excitation. Sound and Vibration. Vol. 340, p. 303-316##Wan, H.P. and Ren, W.X., (2016), Stochastic model updating utilizing Bayesian approach and Gaussian process model. Mech. Sys. Signal Process. Vol. 70-71, p. 245-268##Fang, S.E., Zhang, Q.H. and Ren, W., (2015), An interval model updating strategy using interval response surface models. Mech. Sys. Signal Process. Vol. 60, p. 909-927##Baruch, M., (1978), Optimization procedure to correct stiffness and flexibility matrices using vibration, AIAA Journal, Vol. 16(11), p. 208-210.##Baruch, M. and Bar-Itzack, I.Y., (1978), Optimal weighted othogonalization of measured modes, AIAA Journal, Vol. 16(4), p. 346-351.##Berman, A., (1979), Comment on optimal weighted othogonalization of measured modes, AIAA Journal, Vol. 17(8), p. 927-928##Berman, A. and Nagy, E.J., (1983), Improvement of a large analytical model using test data, AIAA Journal, Vol. 21(8), p. 1168-1173.##Baruch, M., (1982), Methods of reference basis for identification of linear dynamic structures, AIAA Paper No. 82-0769, 23rd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Part 2, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 557-563.##Caesar, B., (1986), Update and identification of dynamic mathematical models, 4th IMAC, Los Angeles, California, p. 394-401.##Wei, F. S., (1989), Structural dynamic model identification using vibration test data,” 7th IMAC, Nevada, p. 562-567##Wei, F. S., (1990), Structural dynamic model improvement using vibration test data, AIAA Journal, Vol. 28(1), p. 175-185##Wei, F. S., (1990), Mass and stiffness interaction effects in analytical model modification, AIAA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. 1686-1693.##Yuen, K.V., (2012), Updating large models for mechanical systems using incomplete modal measurement, Mech. Sys. Signal Process. Vol. 28, p. 297-308.##Wang, SH., (2013), Damage detection in offshore platform structures from limited modal data, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 41, p.48-56.##Guyan, R.J., (1965), Reduction of stiffness and mass matrices, AIAA Journal, Vol. 3(2), p. 380.##Barltrop, N.D.P. and Adams, A.J., (1991), Dynamics of fixed marine structures, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, Third edition.##ANSYS, Release 11.0. SAS IP Inc.; 2007. 25- Ewins, D.J., (2000), Modal testing: theory practice and application. second ed. Research Studies Press Ltd.##Huajun, L., Shuqing, W. and Hezhen, Y, (2006), Modal strain energy decomposition method for damage detection of an offshore structure using modal testing information. Third Chinese German joint symposium on coastal and ocean engineering. Tainan; November 8-16.##PULSE. Analyzers and solutions, (2006), Denmark: Bruel & Kjaer, Sound and Vibration Measurement A/S. Key code: 2320 72F.## ##

Dynamics of a Single Point Mooring Marine Aquaculture Cage as a Simple Vibrating System 2 2 The increasing world demand for fish cannot be met by capture fisheries. Aquaculture production is increasing and nowadays cage culture has an important role in meeting the world’s fish demand. The design of the physical structure of a cage is determined by the oceanographic conditions of the culture site. Each design is site-specific and knowledge of the topography, wind force and direction, prevalence of storms or monsoons, wave loads, current velocity and water depths are important parameters for consideration. Because of all these reasons the design of an aquaculture cage system is very complex and difficult task. Hence, it is essential to select a proper site, ideal construction materials, proper designing, suitable mooring, good management etc. in bringing out a cage culture production more profitable and economical. A six degree of freedom model is considered to find out the motions and forces acting on the cage. The tensions in the mooring chain and the net twine tension were predicted based on numerical simulation. 13 25 2016/01/52016/02/23 1394/12/4 2016/03/152016/03/15 1394/12/25 Mohd Atif Siddiqui Mohd Atif Siddiqui Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur India mohd.a.siddiqui@ntnu.no Vishwanath Nagarajan Vishwanath Nagarajan Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur India vishwanath_n@naval.iitkgp.ernet.in Marine Aquaculture Cage Wave loads Dynamics C.C. Huang, H.J. Tang, J.Y. Liu(2006). Dynamical analysis of net cage structures for marine aquaculture: Numerical simulation and model testing, Aquacultural Engineering, 35(3), 258-270.##Y.P. Zhao, Y.C. Li, G.H. Dong, F.K. Gui, T. Ma (2008). The Numerical Simulation on the Tension Distribution in the Fishing Net in Steady Current, Eighteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Vancouver, BC, Canada, 255-260.##J.H. Cha, M.I. Roh, K.Y. Lee (2010). Dynamic response simulation of a heavy cargo suspended by a floating crane based on multibody system dynamics, Ocean Engineering, 37, 1273-1291.##T.E. Chua, E. Tech (2002). Introduction and history of cage culture, CAB International.##J. Huguenin (1997). The design, operations and economics of cage culture systems, Aquacultural Engineering 16, 167-203.##C.A. Brebbia, S. Walker, (1979). Dynamic analysis of offshore structures, Newnes – Butterworths.##P. Klebert, P.F. Lader, L. Gansel, F. Oppedal (2013).Hydrodynamic interactions on net panel and aquaculture fish cages: A review, Ocean Engineering, 58, 260-274.##D.W. Fredriksson, M.R. Swift, J.D. Irish, I. Tsukrov, B. Celikkol (2003). Fish cage and mooring system dynamics using physical and numerical models with ﬁeld measurements, Aquacultural Engineering, 27, 117-146.##C.C. Huang, H.J. Tang, J.Y. Liu (2007). Modeling volume deformation in gravity-type cages that have distributed bottom weights or a rigid tube-sinker, Aquacultural Engineering, 37(2), 144-157.##O.T. Gudmestad, G. Moe(1996). Hydrodynamic Coefficients for Calculation of Hydrodynamic Loads on Offshore Truss Structures, Marine Structures, 9, 745-758.##L. Skjelbreia, J.A. Hendrickson(1960). Fifth order gravity wave theory, Proceedings 7th Coastal Engineering Conference, 184-196.##J.G. James, S. Kumar, K.K. Dharma Sree, V. Nagarajan, C. K. Mukherjee, B. Dash (2014), Observation on forces and motions of a mariculture cage from model and prototype experiments, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, (under review).##C.C. Huang, H.J. Tang, J.Y. Liu (2008). Effects of waves and currents on gravity type cages in the open sea, Aquacultural Engineering, 38(2), 105-116.##J. DeCew, I. Tsukrov, A. Risso, M.R. Swift, B. Celikkol (2010). Modeling of dynamic behavior of a single-point moored submersible fish cage under currents, Aquacultural Engineering, 43, 38-45.##K.K. Dharmasree (2012). Estimation of hydrodynamic forces on fishing cage through numerical and physical modeling, M.Tech Thesis, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.##C.C. Huang, H.J. Tang, B.S. Wang (2010). Numerical modeling for an in situ single point mooring cage system, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 35(3), 565-573.##E.M. Lewandowski (2004). The Dynamics of Marine Craft, World Scientific.##J.R. Morison, M.P. O'Brien, J.W. Johnson, S.A. Schaaf (1950). The force exerted by surface waves on piles, Petroleum Transactions (American Institute of Mining Engineers), 189, 149–154.##M.A. Siddiqui, V. Nagarajan, C.K. Mukherjee (2014). Modeling the forces and motions of a single point mooring Aquaculture cage, 24th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Busan, Korea.## ##

Stress Concentration Factors in Uniplanar Tubular KT-Joints of Jacket Structures Subjected to In-Plane Bending Loads 2 2 In the present research, data extracted from the stress analysis of 46 finite element models, verified using test results obtained from an experimental investigation, were used to study the effect of geometrical parameters on the chord-side stress concentration factors (SCFs) of central and outer braces in uniplanar tubular KT-joints of offshore structures subjected to four different types of in-plane bending (IPB) loads. Parametric study was followed by a set of the nonlinear regression analyses to develop SCF parametric equations for the fatigue analysis and design of uniplanar tubular KT-joints under IPB loadings. 27 35 2016/01/52016/02/232016/01/10 1394/10/20 2016/03/152016/03/152016/03/15 1394/12/25 Hamid Ahmadi Hamid Ahmadi University of Tabriz Iran h-ahmadi@tabrizu.ac.ir Ali Ziaei Nejad Ali Ziaei Nejad University of Tabriz Iran aliziaee89@gmail.com Fatigue Offshore jacket structure Tubular KT-joint Stress concentration factor (SCF) In-plane bending (IPB) Kuang, J.G., Potvin, A.B. and Leick, R.D., (1975), Stress concentration in tubular joints, Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, Paper OTC 2205, Houston (TX), US.##Wordsworth, A.C. and Smedley, G.P., (1978), Stress concentrations at unstiffened tubular joints, Proceedings of the European Offshore Steels Research Seminar, Paper 31, Cambridge, UK.##Wordsworth, A.C., (1981), Stress concentration factors at K and KT tubular joint, Proceedings of the Conference on Fatigue of Offshore Structural Steels, p. 59-69.##Efthymiou, M. and Durkin, S., (1985), Stress concentrations in T/Y and gap/overlap K-joints, Proceedings of the Conference on Behavior of Offshore Structures, Delft, the Netherlands, p. 429-440.##Efthymiou, M., (1988), Development of SCF formulae and generalized influence functions for use in fatigue analysis, OTJ 88, Surrey, UK.##Hellier, A.K., Connolly, M. and Dover, W.D., (1990), Stress concentration factors for tubular Y and T-joints. International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 12, p. 13-23.##Smedley, P. and Fisher, P., (1991), Stress concentration factors for simple tubular joints, Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE), Edinburgh, p. 475-483.##UK Health and Safety Executive, (1997), OTH 354: stress concentration factors for simple tubular joints-assessment of existing and development of new parametric formulae, Prepared by Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, UK.##Karamanos, S.A., Romeijn, A., Wardenier, J., (2000), Stress concentrations in tubular gap K-joints: mechanics and fatigue design, Engineering Structures, Vol. 22, p. 4-14.##Gho, W.M. and Gao, F., (2004), Parametric equations for stress concentration factors in completely overlapped tubular K(N)-joints, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 60, p. 1761-1782.##Gao, F., (2006), Stress and strain concentrations of completely overlapped tubular joints under lap brace OPB load. Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 44, p. 861-871.##Gao, F., Shao, Y.B. and Gho, W.M., (2007), Stress and strain concentration factors of completely overlapped tubular joints under lap brace IPB load. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 63, p. 305-316.##Morgan, M.R. and Lee, M.M.K., (1998), Parametric equations for distributions of stress concentration factors in tubular K-joints under out-of-plane moment loading, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 20, p. 449-461.##Morgan, M.R. and Lee, M.M.K., (1998), Prediction of stress concentrations and degrees of bending in axially loaded tubular K-joints, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 45, pp. 67-97.##Chang, E. and Dover, W.D., (1999), Prediction of stress distributions along the intersection of tubular Y and T-joints, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 21, p. 361-381.##Chang, E. and Dover, W.D., (1999), Parametric equations to predict stress distributions along the intersection of tubular X and DT-joints, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 21, p. 619-635.##Shao, Y.B., (2004), Proposed equations of stress concentration factor (SCF) for gap tubular K-joints subjected to bending load, International Journal of Space Structures, Vol. 19, 137-147.##Shao, Y.B., (2007), Geometrical effect on the stress distribution along weld toe for tubular T- and K-joints under axial loading, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 63, p. 1351-1360.##Shao, Y.B., Du, Z.F. and Lie, S.T., (2009), Prediction of hot spot stress distribution for tubular K-joints under basic loadings, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 65, p. 2011-2026.##Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A. and Ahmadi, H., (2010), Effect of geometrical parameters on SCF distribution along the weld toe of tubular KT-joints under balanced axial loads, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 32, p. 703-719.##Ahmadi, H., Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A. and Aminfar, M.H., (2011), Geometrical effect on SCF distribution in uni-planar tubular DKT-joints under axial loads, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 67, 1282-1291.##Karamanos, S.A. Romeijn, A. and Wardenier, J., (1999), Stress concentrations in multi-planar welded CHS XX-connections, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 50, p. 259-282.##Chiew, S.P., Soh, C.K. and Wu, N.W., (2000), General SCF design equations for steel multiplanar tubular XX-joints, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 22, p. 283-293.##Wingerde, A.M., Packer, J.A. and Wardenier, J., (2001), Simplified SCF formulae and graphs for CHS and RHS K- and KK-connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 57, 221-252.##Karamanos, S.A., Romeijn, A. and Wardenier, J., (2002), SCF equations in multi-planar welded tubular DT-joints including bending effects, Marine Structures, Vol. 15, p. 157-173.##Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A. and Ahmadi, H., (2011), Geometric stress distribution along the weld toe of the outer brace in two-planar tubular DKT-joints: parametric study and deriving the SCF design equations, Marine Structures, Vol. 24, p. 239-260.##Ahmadi, H., Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A. and Aminfar, M.H., (2011), Distribution of weld toe stress concentration factors on the central brace in two-planar CHS DKT-connections of steel offshore structures, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 49, p. 1225-1236.##Ahmadi, H., Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A. and Aminfar, M.H., (2012), The development of fatigue design formulas for the outer brace SCFs in offshore three-planar tubular KT-joints, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 58, p. 67-78.##Ahmadi, H., Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A., (2012), Geometrically parametric study of central brace SCFs in offshore three-planar tubular KT-joints, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 71, p. 149-161.##Dharmavasan, S. and Aaghaakouchak, A.A., (1988), Stress concentrations in tubular joints stiffened by internal ring stiffeners, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Houston (TX), US, p. 141-148.##Aaghaakouchak, A.A. and Dharmavasan, S., (1990), Stress analysis of unstiffened and stiffened tubular joints using improved finite element model of intersection, Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. III, Part A, Houston (TX), US, p. 321-328.##Ramachandra Murthy, D.S., Madhava Rao, A.G., Ghandi, P. and Pant, P.K. (1992), Structural efficiency of internally ring stiffened steel tubular joints, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 118, 3016-3035.##Nwosu, D.I., Swamidas, A.S.J. and Munaswamy, K., (1995), Numerical stress analysis of internal ring-stiffened tubular T-joints, Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 117, p. 113-125.##Ramachandra, D.S., Gandhi, P., Raghava, G. and Madhava Rao, A.G., (2000), Fatigue crack growth in stiffened steel tubular joints in seawater environment, Engineering Structures, Vol. 22, p. 1390-1401.##Hoon, K.H., Wong, L.K. and Soh, A.K. (2001), Experimental investigation of a doubler-plate reinforced tubular T-joint subjected to combined loadings, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 57, p. 1015-1039.##Myers, P.T., Brennan, F.P. and Dover, W.D., (2001), The effect of rack/rib plate on the stress concentration factors in jack-up chords, Marine Structures, Vol. 14, p. 485-505.##Woghiren, C.O. and Brennan, F.P., (2009), Weld toe stress concentrations in multi planar stiffened tubular KK Joints, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 31, p. 164-172.##Ahmadi, H., Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A., Shao, Y.B. and Aminfar, M.H., (2012), Parametric study and formulation of outer-brace geometric stress concentration factors in internally ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints of offshore structures, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 38, p. 74-91.##Ahmadi, H., Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A. and Shao, Y.B., (2013), Chord-side SCF distribution of central brace in internally ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints: A geometrically parametric study, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 70, 93-105.##Ahmadi, H. and Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A., (2015), Stress concentration due to in-plane bending (IPB) loads in ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints of offshore structures: Parametric study and design formulation, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 51, p. 54-66.##Ahmadi, H. and Zavvar, E., (2015), Stress concentration factors induced by out-of-plane bending loads in ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints of jacket structures, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 91, p. 82-95.##Ahmadi, H., Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A. and Aminfar, M.H., (2011), Effect of stress concentration factors on the structural integrity assessment of multi-planar offshore tubular DKT-joints based on the fracture mechanics fatigue reliability approach, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 38, p. 1883-1893.##Ahmadi, H. and Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A., (2012), A probability distribution model for stress concentration factors in multi-planar tubular DKT-joints of steel offshore structures, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 34, 21-32.##Ahmadi, H. and Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A., (2013), Effect of SCFs on S–N based fatigue reliability of multi-planar tubular DKT-joints of offshore jacket-type structures, Ships and Offshore Structures, Vol. 8, p. 55-72.##Dallyn, P., El-Hamalawi, A., Palmeri, A. and Knight, R., (2015), Experimental testing of grouted connections for offshore substructures: A critical review, Structures, Vol. 3, p. 90-108.##Ahmadi, H., Mohammadi, A.H. and Yeganeh, A., (2015), Probability density functions of SCFs in internally ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints of offshore structures subjected to axial load, Thin-Walled Structures, 2015, Vol. 94, p. 485-499.##Ahmadi, H., Mohammadi, A.H., Yeganeh, A. and Zavvar, E., (2016), Probabilistic analysis of stress concentration factors in tubular KT-joints reinforced with internal ring stiffeners under in-plane bending loads, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 99, p. 58-75.##UK Department of Energy, (1983), Background notes to the fatigue guidance of offshore tubular joints, London, UK.##American Welding Society (AWS), (2002), Structural welding code: AWS D 1.1, Miami (FL), US.##N’Diaye, A., Hariri, S., Pluvinage, G. and Azari, Z., (2007), Stress concentration factor analysis for notched welded tubular T-joints, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 29, p. 1554-1570.##IIW-XV-E, (1999), Recommended fatigue design procedure for welded hollow section joints, IIW Docs, XV-1035-99/XIII-1804-99, International Institute of Welding, France.##Bomel Consulting Engineers, (1994), Assessment of SCF equations using Shell/KSEPL finite element data, C5970R02.01 REV C.## ##

Technical Notes on the Near Surface Experiments of Submerged Submarine 2 2 In this study, the experimental analysis on the bare hull resistance coefficient of submarine at snorkel depth is represented. The experiments are conducted in marine laboratory of Admiral Makarov University. The results are presented for surface condition and snorkel condition. Snorkel depth is regarded equal to one diameter of submarine hull beneath the water surface as usual in submarines. Performing the experiment at the surface condition is a usual practice process but performing the experiment at submerged condition has several technical notes which are evaluated in this paper. One of challenging discussions is estimating the induced resistance between the main hull and struts. For this part of study, CFD method is used. CFD analyses are conducted by Flow-3D (V.10) software based on solving the RANS equations and VOF method. All analyses are performed for still water condition. The results of this research can be used for AUVs, research submersibles and submarines, torpedoes and every submersible who operate near the free surface of water. 41 54 2016/01/52016/02/232016/01/102016/02/25 1394/12/6 2016/03/152016/03/152016/03/152016/03/15 1394/12/25 Mohammad Moonesun Mohammad Moonesun National University of Shipbuilding Admiral Makarov (NUOS) ,Ukraine Ukraine m.moonesun@gmail.com Firouz Ghasemzadeh Firouz Ghasemzadeh Tehran University, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Tehran, Iran Iran Yuri Korol Yuri Korol National University of Shipbuilding Admiral Makarov (NUOS), Department of Hydrodynamics, Ukraine Ukraine Valeri Nikrasov Valeri Nikrasov National University of Shipbuilding Admiral Makarov (NUOS), Department of Hydrodynamics, Ukraine Ukraine Alexi Yastreba Alexi Yastreba National University of Shipbuilding Admiral Makarov (NUOS) ,Ukraine Ukraine Alexander Ursolov Alexander Ursolov National University of Shipbuilding Admiral Makarov (NUOS) ,Ukraine Ukraine Asghar Mahdian Asghar Mahdian MUT, Department of Marine Engineering,Shahinshahr, Iran Iran Submarine Resistance Experimental CFD Snorkel depth Flow-Vision Flow-3D Joubert, P.N., (2004),Some aspects of submarine design: part 1: Hydrodynamics,Australian Department of Defence.##Joubert, P.N., (2004),Some aspects of submarine design: part 2: Shape of a Submarine 2026,Australian Department of Defence.##Burcher, R. and Rydill, L.J., (1998),Concept in submarine design,The press syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge university press, p. 295.##Yuri, N.K. and Oleg, A.K., (2001),Theory of Submarine Design,Saint Petersburg State Maritime Technical University, Russia, pp.185-221.##Ulrich, G., (2000), Submarine Design, Bernard ;GraefeVerlag.##Greiner, L., (1968),Underwater missile propulsion : a selection of authoritative technical and descriptive papers.##A group of authorities, (1990), Submersible vehicle system design, The society of naval architects and marine engineer.##Jackson,H.A., (1980), Submarine Design Notes.##Bertram, V.,( 2000), Practical Ship Hydrodynamics, Elsevier Ltd., UK , pp. 369.##Rawson, K. J. and Tupper, E. C., (2001), Basic Ship Theory, Jordan Hill., Oxford, pp. 731.##Moonesun, M., Javadi, M., Charmdooz, P. and Korol, U.M., (2013),Evaluation of submarine model test in towing tank and comparison with CFD and experimental formulas for fully submerged resistance,Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Science, vol.42(8), p.1049-1056.##Moonesun, M., (2014),Introduction of Iranian Hydrodynamic Series of Submarines (IHSS),Journal of Taiwan Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Vol.33, No.3, p.155-162.##Rhee, K., Choi, J. and Lee, S., (2008), Mathematical model of wave forces for the depth control of a submerged body near the free surface, International offshore and polar engineering conference, Canada,##- Polish,C.,Ranmuthugala,D.,Duffy,J. andRenilson,M., ( 2011), Characterisation of near surface effects acting on an underwater vehicle within the vertical plane, Australian Maritime College,.##Neulist, D., (2011), Experimental Investigation into the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Submarine Operating Near the Free Surface, Australian Maritime College, Launceston.##Dawson,E.,Anderson,B.,Steel,S.V.,Renilson,M. andRanmuthugala,D., (2011), An experimental investigation into the effects of near surface operation on the wave making resistance of SSK type submarine, Australian Maritime College,.##Haffenden, S. W.,( 2009),An Investigation into the Wave Making Resistance of a Submarine Travelling Below the Free Surfac, Australian Maritime College, Launceston,.##Steel, S. V., (2010),Investigation into the Effect of Wave Making on a Submarine Approaching the Free Surface, Australian Maritime College, Launceston.##Moonesun,M. and Korol,Y.M., (2015), Minimum Immersion Depth for EliminatingFree Surface Effect on Submerged Submarine Resistance, Turkish Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology (TUJEST), vol.3, No.1, pp.36-46.##Moonesun, M., Korol, Y. and Dalayeli, H., (2015), CFD Analysis on the Bare Hull Form of Submarines for Minimizing the Resistance. 2 (3) :1-16 URL: http://www.ijmt.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-450-1;slc_lang=en;sid=1##Behzad,M.,Rad, M., Taghipour, R., Mousavi, S.M. andSadatHosseini, S.H., (2004), Parametric study of hull operability in waves for a tourist submarine, International Journal of Maritime Technology.##Hoerner, S.F., (1965),Fluid Dynamic Drag, USA.##Monesun, M., Korol, Y.M., Tahvildarzade,D. and Javadi,M. (2014), Practical scaling method for underwater hydrodynamic model test of submarine, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, Vol. 38, No. 10 pp. 1217~1224##Renilson, M., (2015), Submarine Hydrodynamics, Springer, pp.45-89.## ##

Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Tunnel Height on Drag Reduction in a High Speed Trimaran 2 2 There are different methods to reduce drag in high speed hulls. One of these methods is a change in the shape of the body by adding longitudinal side tunnels. In this paper it has been attempted to determine the influence of the tunnel height on hydrodynamic characteristics of the hull to achieving an optimum shape for the tunnel. To achieve this purpose, numerical simulation of the problem has been done using finite volume method considering moving mesh. For turbulence modeling, k-ε model and to simulate free surface, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) two phase model has been employed. The results show that creating a tunnel in the base mono-hull would lead to reduction of the total drag at high speed as well as decreasing the vessel draft of the hull over the whole range. Furthermore, in the Volumetric Froude number around 4, a reduction in the height of the tunnel could decrease the hull drag. In higher Volumetric Froude numbers, reduction of the tunnel height, to some extent, increases the drag with a slight slope. 55 62 2016/01/52016/02/232016/01/102016/02/252016/02/15 1394/11/26 2016/03/152016/03/152016/03/152016/03/152016/03/15 1394/12/25 Hamid Kazemi Moghadam Hamid Kazemi Moghadam Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Iran h.kazemi@stu.nit.ac.ir Rouzbeh Shafaghat Rouzbeh Shafaghat Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Iran rshafaghat@nit.ac.ir High-speed Planing hull Tunnel height Dynamic mesh Drag Reduction Trimaran Weijia Ma, Huawei Sun, Jin Zou, Heng Yang: Test research on the resistance performance of high-speed trimaran Planing hull, Polish maritime Research, No 4/2013.##Yousefi R, Shafaghat R, Shakeri R: High-speed Planing hull drag reduction using tunnels, Ocean Engineering 84 (2014) 54–60.##Ghassabzadeh M, Ghassemi H: Determining of the hydrodynamic forces on the multi-hull tunnel vessel in steady motion. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. DOI 10.1007/s40430-013-0110-2,2014.##Ghassabzadeh M, Ghassemi H: Numerical Hydrodynamic of Multihull Tunnel Vessel. Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics, 2013, 3, 198-204,2014.##Hailong SHEN, Wei Lu and Yumin SU: Numerical Prediction Method of Resistance Performance of Catamaran Planing Vessels, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 344 pp 19-22,2013.##K Muljowidodo and et al. Design and simulation analysis of flying trimaran USV. Indian Jurnal of Geo-marian science. Indian Jurnal of Geo-marine Sciences, Vol. 41 (6), pp. 569-574,2013.##Hamid Kazemi Moghadam, Rouzbeh Shafaghat, Reza Yousefi, Numerical investigation of the tunnel aperture on drag reduction in a high-speed tunneled planing hull, J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng , Volume 37, Issue 6, pp 1719-1730, 2015.##A. Najafi, S. Alimirzazadeh, M. Seif, RANS simulation of interceptor effect on hydrodynamic coefficients of longitudinal equations of motion of planing catamarans, J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 37:1257–1275, 2015.##Yousefi R, Shafaghat R, Shakeri M: Hydrodynamic analysis techniques for high-speed Planing hulls, Applied Ocean Research 42 105–113,2013.##Savitsky, D: Hydrodynamic analysis of Planing hulls. Mar. Technol. 1 (1), 71–95,1964##Website: http://www.icemarine.com/models/## ##

Weakly-compressible SPH and Experimental modeling of periodic wave breaking on a plane slope 2 2 Breaking waves have ability to transport large quantities of sediment and significant impact on coastal structures morphology. Hence, modeling of wave breaking is an important subject in coastal and marine engineering. In this research, the periodic wave breaking process on a plane slope is studied experimentally and numerically. Laboratory experiments were conducted to record water surface elevation and the wave breaking process. For the current study, a space-averaged Navier–Stokes approach together with laboratory experiments has been deployed to investigate time-dependent wave breaking processes. The developed model is based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method; a pure Lagrangian approach; capable of handling large deformations at free surface with high accuracy. So, a Weakly Compressible version of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method together with a large eddy simulation (LES) approach was used to simulate the wave breaking on a plane slope. The results of numerical simulations were compared both qualitative and quantitative with those of laboratory experiments. Overall, good agreement was found between them. Finally, it is shown that the WCSPH method provides a useful tool to investigate surf zone dynamics. 63 76 2016/01/52016/02/232016/01/102016/02/252016/02/152016/02/8 1394/11/19 2016/03/152016/03/152016/03/152016/03/152016/03/152016/03/15 1394/12/25 Amin Mahmoudi Amin Mahmoudi Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University Iran a_mahmoudi@pgu.ac.ir Habib Hakimzadeh Habib Hakimzadeh Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sahand University of Technology Iran Hakimzadeh@sut.ac.ir Mohammad Javad Ketabdari Mohammad Javad Ketabdari Associate Professor, Faculty of Marine Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Iran Ketabdar@aut.ac.ir Amir Etemadshahidi Amir Etemadshahidi Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Queensland,4222, Australia Australia a.etemadshahidi@griffith.edu.au Nick Cartwright Nick Cartwright Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Queensland,4222, Australia Australia n.cartwright@griffith.edu.au Hassan Abyn Hassan Abyn Assistant Professor of Naval Architecture, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr Iran abynhassan@gmail.com Experimental Model Numerical Simulation weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics Wave breaking large eddy simulation model Dean, R.G., Dalrymple, R.A., (1991), Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers and Scientists, Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, World Scientific Publication, Singapore##Shao, S.D., (2006), Simulation of breaking wave by SPH method coupled with model, J. Hydraul. Res., 3, 338–349.##Shao, S.D., Changming, J.i., (2006), SPH computation of plunging waves using a 2-D sub particle scale (SPS) turbulence model, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fl., 51, 913–936.##Lemos, C., (1992), Wave Breaking, A Numerical Study, Lecture Notes in Engineering, Springer, Berlin,.##Takikawa, K., Yamada F., Matsumoto K.,(1997), Internal characteristics and numerical analysis of plunging breaker on a slope, Coast. Eng., 31, 143–161.##Lin, P.Z., Liu P.L.F., (1998), A numerical study of breaking waves in the surf zone, J. Fluid Mech., 359, 239–264.##Liu, P.L.F., Lin P.Z., Chang KA, Sakakiyama T., (1999), Numerical modelling of wave interaction with porous structures, J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng., 125(6), 322–330.##Li, T.Q., Troch, P., Rouck J.D., (2004), Wave overtopping over a sea dyke , J. Comput. Phys., 198, 686–726.##Khayyer, A., Goth, H., Shao, S.D.,(2008), Corrected Incompressible SPH method for accurate water-surface tracking in breaking waves, Coast. Eng., 55, 236–250.##Lucy, L.B.,(1977), A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis, Astron. J., 82, 1013–1024.##Gingold, R.A., Monaghan, J.J., (1977), Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: theory and application to non-spherical stars, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 181, 375–389.##Shao S.D, Gotoh H., (2005), Turbulence particle models for tracking free surfaces, J. Hydraul. Res., 43(3), 276–289.##Shao S.D., (2006), Incompressible SPH simulation of wave breaking and overtopping with turbulence modeling, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fl., 50, 597–621.##Gotoh H, Shibahara T, Sakai T., (2001), Sub-particle-scale turbulence model for the MPS method Lagrangian flow model for hydraulic engineering, Comput. Fluid Dyn. J., 4, 339–347.##Rogers, B.D., Dalrymple, R.A., (2004), SPH modeling of breaking waves. Proc. 29th Intl. Conference on Coastal Engineering, World Scientific Press, pp. 415 – 427.##Issa, R., Violeau, D., (2009), Modelling a Plunging Breaking Solitary Wave with Eddy-Viscosity Turbulent SPH Models, CMC, vol.8, no.3, pp.151-164.##Nadaoka, K., Hino, M., Koyano, Y., (1989), Structure of the turbulent-flow field under breaking waves in the surf zone, J. Fluid Mech., 204, 359–387.##Ting, F. C. K., Kirby, J. T., (1994), Observation of undertow and turbulence in a laboratory surf zone, Coast. Eng., 24, 51–80.##Ting, F. C. K., Kirby, J. T., (1995), Dynamics of surf-zone turbulence in a strong plunging breaker, Coast. Eng., 24, 177–204.##Stansby, P. K., Feng, T., (2005), Kinematics and depth-integrated terms in surf zone waves from laboratory measurement, J. Fluid Mech., 529, 279–310.##Kimmoun, O., Branger, H., (2007), A particle image velocimetry investigation on laboratory surf-zone breaking waves over a sloping beach, J. Fluid Mech., 588, 353–397.##Li, Y., (2000), Tsunamis: Non-breaking and breaking solitary wave run-up. Rep. KH-R-60, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.##Li, Y., Raichlen, F., (2003), Energy balance model for breaking solitary wave run up, J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng., 129 (2), 47 – 59.##Monaghan, J. J.,(1992), Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astr., 30, 543–574.##Monaghan, J. J.,(1994), Simulating free surface flows with SPH, J. Comput. Phys., 110, 399–406.##Liu , G.R.,(2003), Mesh Free Methods: Moving Beyond the Finite Element Method, CRC Press, pp.692.##Crespo, A.J.C.,(2008), Application of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model SPHysics to free-surface hydrodynamic, PhD Thesis, Universidad de Vigo.##Morris, J., Fox, P., and Zhu, Y., (1997), Modeling low Reynolds number incompressible flows using SPH, J. Comput. Phys., 136, 214–226.##Lo, E. and Shao, S., (2002), Simulation of near-shore solitary waves mechanics by an incompressible SPH method, Appl. Ocean Res., 24, 275–286.##Dalrymple, R.A., Rogers B.D., (2006), Numerical modeling of water waves with the SPH method, Coast. Eng., 53,141 – 147.##Wendland, H., (1995), Piecewiese polynomial, positive definite and compactly supported radial functions of minimal degree, Adv. Comput. Math., 4(1), 389– 396.##Monaghan, J. J., (1989), On the Problem of Penetration in Particle Methods, J. Comput. Phys., 82, 1–15.##Randles, P. and Libersky, L., (1996), Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics some recent improvements and applications, Comput. Method Appl. M., 138, 375–408.##Bonet, J., Lok, T.S., (1999), Variational and momentum preservation aspects of smooth particle hydrodynamic formulation, Comput. Method Appl. M., 180, 97–115.##Bonet, J., Kulasegaram, S., (2000), Correction and stabilization of smooth particle hydrodynamic methods with applications in metal forming simulations, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 47, 1189 –1214.##Colagrossi, A. and Landrini, M., (2003), Numerical simulation of interfacial flows by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, J. Comput. Phys., 191,448–475.##Dilts, G. A.,(1999), Moving-LeastSquares-Particle Hydrodynamics I. Consistency and stability, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 44, 1115–1155.##Koshizuka S, Tamako H, Oka Y., (1995), A particle method for incompressible viscous flow with fluid fragmentation, J. Comput. Fluid D., 4, 29–46.##Monaghan, J. J. and Kos, A., (1999), Solitary Waves on a Cretan Beach, J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng., 125: 145-154.##Rogers, B.D., Dalrymple, R.A., (2008), SPH modeling of tsunami waves: Advances in coastal and ocean engineering, Advanced Numerical Models for Tsunami Waves and Runup, Vol. 10.World Scientific.##Gomez-Gesteira, M., Cerqueiro, D., Crespo, C., Dalrymple, R.A., (2005), Green water overtopping analyzed with a SPH model, Ocean Eng., 32, 223–238.##Battjes, J.A.,(1974), Surf similarity, 14th Coast. Eng. Conf., ASCE, pp. 466– 480.##Ketabdari, M. J., Roozbahani, A. N.,(2013), Numerical Simulation of Plunging Wave Breaking by the Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic Method, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., Vol. 54,No. 3, p p. 477– 486.##Vinje, T., Brevig, P., (1981), Numerical Simulation of Breaking Waves, J. Advance Water Resources 4, 77–82.##Mahmoudi, A., Hakimzadeh, H. and Ketabdari, M.J., (2014), Numerical Simulation of Non-Reflected Wave in a Tank Using WCSPH Method, Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Coasts, Ports & Marine Structures, ICOPMAS.##Xu, R., (2010), An improved incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and its application in free-surface simulations, PhD Dissertation, University of Manchester, UK.##Liu, S.X., Wang, X.T., Li, M.G., Guo, M.Y., (2003), Active absorption wave maker system for irregular waves, China Ocean Engineering, Vol 17, No 2, pp 203-214.## ##