Across-channel distribution of the mean and tidal flows in the Khuran Channel, Persian Gulf, Iran 2 2 The Khuran Channel, Southern Iran (26°45’N), is a topographically complex channel which is open at both ends. Owning to its particular geometry, this narrow channel is subjected to strong tidal currents.Across-channel distribution of the mean and tidal flows were obtained over a semidiurnal tidal cycle in the Khuran Channel where the highest tidal velocity in the third day of the secondary spring tide exceeded 140 cm/s. Velocity profiles were obtained using a 614.4 kHz Teledyne RDI Workhorse Broadband ADCP over 13 repetitions of a cross-channel transect. The 3.1 km long transect ran north/south across the channel.The M2frequencywas separated from the observed current using sinusoidal form functions and the least square regression analysis. Contrary to the previous study in this channel, the mean inflow observed in the deep parts of the channel and mean outflow occurs over the shallow slopes, with the maximum magnitudes (15-20cm/s) near the surface in the north side. The maximum lateral shear and convergence were found over slopes located between the middle and the north side of the channel. 1 6 2017/11/22 1396/9/1 2018/04/30 1397/2/10 Maziar Khosravi Maziar Khosravi Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran iran mazyar.khosravi2007@gmail.com Seyed Mostafa Siadat Mousavi Seyed Mostafa Siadat Mousavi School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran iran siadatmousavi@iust.ac.ir Vahid Chegini Vahid Chegini Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran iran v_chegini@inio.ac.ir Ross Vennell Ross Vennell Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand New Zealand ross.vennell@otago.ac.nz Persian Gulf Khuran Channel Tidal Currents ADCP measurements Azizpour, J., S.M. Siadatmousavi, and V. Chegini, (2016), Measurement of tidal and residual currents in the Strait of Hormuz. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Vol.178(2),p.101-109.##Reynolds, R.M., (1993), Physical oceanography of the Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and the Gulf of Oman—Results from the Mt Mitchell expedition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol.(27): p. 35-59.##Zaker, N., et al., (2011), Dynamics of the Currents in the Strait of Khuran in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering, Vol.1(2).##Valle-Levinson, A. and L.P. Atkinson, (1999), Spatial gradients in the flow over an estuarine channel. Estuaries, Vol.(22)2: p. 179-193.##Wong, K.C., (1994), On the nature of transverse variability in a coastal plain estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol.99(C7): p. 14209-14222.##Valle‐Levinson, A. and K.M. Lwiza, (1995), The effects of channels and shoals on exchange between the Chesapeake Bay and the adjacent ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol.100(C9): p. 18551-18563.##Valle‐Levinson, A., K.C. Wong, and K.M. Lwiza, (2000), Fortnightly variability in the transverse dynamics of a coastal plain estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol.105(C2): p. 3413-3424.##Cáceres, M., A. Valle‐Levinson, and L. Atkinson, (2003), Observations of cross‐channel structure of flow in an energetic tidal channel. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol.108(C4).##Doyle, B.E. and R.E. Wilson, (1978), Lateral dynamic balance in the Sandy Hook to Rockaway Point transect. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, Vol.6(2): p. 165-174.##Chant, R.J. and R.E. Wilson, (1997), Secondary circulation in a highly stratified estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol.102(C10): p. 23207-23215.##Hughes, F. and M. Rattray, (1980), Salt flux and mixing in the Columbia River Estuary. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, Vol.10(5): p. 479-493.##Dyer, K., (1997), Estuaries: a physical introductionWiley. New York.##Cameron, W., (1951), On the transverse forces in a British Columbia inlet. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol.(45): p. 1-9.##Lee, D. and S. Woo, (2011), Characteristics of cross–channel momentum balance at Yeomha Channel, Gyeonggi bay, South Korea. JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH: p. 1515-1519.##Old, C. and R. Vennell, (2001), Acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements of the velocity field of an ebb tidal jet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol.106(C4): p. 7037-7049.##Joyce, T.M., (1989), On in situ "calibration" of shipboard ADCPs. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. Vol.6(1): p. 169-172.##https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0169:OISOSA>2.0.CO;2##Lwiza, K., D. Bowers, and J. Simpson, (1991), Residual and tidal flow at a tidal mixing front in the North Sea. Continental Shelf Research. Vol.11(11): p. 1379-1395.##Preisendorfer, R.W. and C.D. Mobley, (1988), Principal component analysis in meteorology and oceanography. Vol. 425: Elsevier Amsterdam.##Pawlowicz, R., B. Beardsley, and S. Lentz, (2002), Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE. Computers & Geosciences. Vol.28(8): p. 929-937.##Hayashi, Y., (1979), Space-time spectral analysis of rotary vector series. Journal of the atmospheric sciences. Vol.36(5): p. 757-766.##https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1979)036<0757:STSAOR>2.0.CO;2##Boon, J.D., (2013), Secrets of the tide: tide and tidal current analysis and predictions, storm surges and sea level trends: Elsevier.##Parker, B.B., (1991), Tidal hydrodynamics. John Wiley & Sons.##Valle-Levinson, A., C. Reyes, and R. Sanay, (2003), Effects of bathymetry, friction, and rotation on estuary-ocean exchange. Journal of Physical Oceanography. Vol.33(11): p. 2375-2393.##https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<2375:EOBFAR>2.0.CO;2##Friedrichs, C.T. and O.S. Madsen, (1992), Nonlinear diffusion of the tidal signal in frictionally dominated embayments. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. Vol.97(C4): p. 5637-5650.##Walters, R.A. and F.E. Werner, (1991), Nonlinear generation of overtides, compound tides, and residuals. Tidal hydrodynamics: p. 297-320.##Valle-Levinson, A. and K.M. Lwiza, (1997), Bathymetric influences on the lower Chesapeake Bay hydrography. Journal of Marine Systems, Vol.12(1): p. 221-236.##Valle-Levinson, A., W.C. Boicourt, and M.R. Roman, (2003), On the linkages among density, flow, and bathymetry gradients at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries, Vol.26(6): p. 1437-1449.## ##

Linear Modelling of Marine Vessels Fuel Consumption for Ration of Subsidized Fuel 2 2 An approach to deal with the phenomenon of maritime fuel smuggling is to control the quantity of fuel that is supplied to vessels. For the same reason, fuel is delivered to marine vessels in Iran in accordance with the ration defined by the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (NIOPDC). The ration is determined by a fuel consumption formula defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) which is used to estimate the fuel cost of agricultural and road construction equipment and machinery. The use of this formula for maritime usage renders fuel allocation to vessels inappropriate. This paper makes a database containing the specifications of 452 vessels, including length, width, summer draft, economical speed, engine power and hourly fuel consumption values. Then, a linear model is estimated over the available database. Ordinary least square method is used for regression analysis. Then, the estimated linear model is compared with FAO formula and linear model is selected as the optimum model to estimate vessel fuel consumption as close to the actual value of fuel consumption as possible. This linear model contains three parameters: engines power, economical speed, and immersed volume as defined by multiplying three parameters of length, width, and summer draft. In general, the amount of fuel consumption estimated by FAO formula is about 50% greater than that estimated by the linear model. 7 13 2017/11/222018/02/7 1396/11/18 2018/04/302018/06/19 1397/3/29 alireza soleymani alireza soleymani Marine Engineering Department of Petroleum University of Technology iran a.soleymani@put.ac.ir mohammad hossein sharifi mohammad hossein sharifi Faculty Member of Marine Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology iran Sharifi@put.ac.ir pedram edalat pedram edalat Faculty Member of Marine Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology iran Edalat@put.ac.ir mohammad mahdi sharifi mohammad mahdi sharifi member of Islamic Republic of Iran Railways Company iran sharifi.smm@gmail.com samad karim zadeh samad karim zadeh member of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company iran karimzadeh_1987@Yahoo.com Marine vessels Fuel consumption Linear Modelling Regression analysis Cross sectional data M.J. Hutchinson, (1982), An Estimate of Operating Costs for Bulk, Ro-Ro and Container Ships, Australian Government Publications, Canberra, Australia.##A. Schrady, K. Smyth and B. Vassian, (1996), Predicting Ship Fuel Consumption, Tech. report, NPS-OR-96-007, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, May. See also URL http://www.nps.edu.##S. Davie, C. Minto, R. Officer, C. Lordan and E. Jackson, (2014), Modelling Fuel Consumption of Fishing Vessels for Predictive Use, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(2), June, pp. 708-719, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu084.##J.H.J. Hulskotte, B. Wester, A.M. Snijder, M. Rijnmond and V. Matthias, (2014), International Survey of Fuel Consumption of Seagoing Ships at Berth, Tech. report, CNSS Work package 5, Clean North Sea Shipping (CNSS), Rotterdam Main Port University of applied sciences, May. See also URL http://www.shipemissions.eu.##W. Górski, T.A. Gerigk and Z. Burciu, (2013), The Influence of Ship Operational Parameters on Fuel Consumption, Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, 36(8), May, pp. 49-54.##Q. Menga, Y. Dub and Y. Wanga, (2015), Shipping Log Data Based Container Ship Fuel Efficiency Modeling, Journal of Transportation Research, 83(16), May, pp. 207-229, doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.11.007.##B.P. Pedersen and J. Larsen, (2008), Modeling of Ship Propulsion Performance, World Maritime Technology Conference (WMTC2009), Jan.##T.E. Notteboom and B. Vernimmen, (2008), The Effect of High Fuel Costs on Liner Service Configuration in Container Shipping, Journal of Transport Geography, 17(5), May, pp. 325-337, doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.05.003.##J.H.J. Hulskotte and H.A.C. Denier van der Gon, (2009), Fuel Consumption and Associated Emissions from Seagoing Ships at Berth Derived from an On-Board Survey, Journals of Atmospheric Environment, 44(10), May, pp. 1229-1236, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.018.##T. Borkowski, L. Kasyk and P. Kowalak, (2011), Assessment of Ships Engine Effective Power Fuel Consumption and Emission Using the Vessel Speed, Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, 18(2), May, pp. 31-39.##ACCESS, (2014), Calculation of Fuel Consumption per Mile for Various Ship Types and Ice Conditions in Past, Present and in Future, Tech. report, Project NO. 265863, Arctic Climate Change Economy and Society (ACCESS), May. See also URL http://www.access-eu.org.##P. Agnolucci, T. Smith and N. Rehmatulla, (2014), Energy Efficiency and Time Charter Rates: Energy Efficiency Savings Recovered by Ship Owners in the Panamax Market, Journal of Transportation Research, 66(14), May, pp. 173-184, doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2014.05.004.##N. Bialystocki and D. Konovessis, (2016), On the Estimation of Ship's Fuel Consumption and Speed Curve: A Statistical Approach, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, 1(16), May, pp. 157-166, doi: 10.1016/j.joes.2016.02.001.##EPA, (2000), Analysis of Commercial Marine Vessels Emissions and Fuel Consumption Data, Tech. report, Rep. EPA420-R-00-002, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, May. See also URL https://www.epa.gov.##D.N. Gujarati, (2003), Basic Econometrics, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Publications, New York, USA.##R. Heinrich, (1992), Cost Control in Forest Harvesting and Road Construction, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publications, Rome, Italy.##NIOPDC Business Management Unit, (2015), Fuel Selling Instruction to Marine Vessels. (In Persian)##A.H. Safargholi, A. Mohammadi, M. Najjar, A. Hajmohammadi and S.M. Seyed Karimi, (2015), Iranian Marine Statistics, Vice-Presidency for Science and Technology of Presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (In Persian)##F. Baldia, H. Johnsona, C. Gabrieliia and K. Anderssona, (2014), Energy Analysis of Ship Energy Systems – the Case of a Chemical Tanker, Journal of Energy Procedia, 61(14), May, pp. 1732-1735, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.200.##Tony Molland, (2008), Maritime Engineering Reference Book, Butterworth-Heinemann Publications, Burlington, USA.##D.A. Taylor, (1996), Introduction to Marine Engineering, Second Edition, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publications, Burlington, USA.##L. Jackson and T.D Morton, (1999), General Engineering Knowledge for Marine Engineers, Thomas Reed Publications, United Kingdom.##W.E. Griffiths, R.C. Hill and G.C. Lim, (2008), Using EViews for Principles of Econometrics, Third Edition, Wiley Publications, New Jersey, United States.## ##

Hydrodynamic Simulation of Oil Blowout and Response Action to Evaluate Environmental Consequences on Prawns 2 2 A scenario-specific modeling of oil blowout from the Khark island pipelines in the Persian Gulf has been carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of oil spill on the local coast, seabed and prawns. Also, various scenarios for response actions have been considered. The analyses have been performed by SINTEF Oil Spill Contingency and Response (OSCAR), a 3-dimensional model system. At the first step, OSCAR as the oil spill analysis model was successfully verified in the Persian Gulf using Mina Al-Ahmadi oil spill field observed data. The oil path and predicted time resulted from the OSCAR model were in a very good agreement with the field observed data. Results related to the scenarios of oil blowout from the Khark Island pipelines indicate that the wind is the key factor for advection and spreading of oil in the area. Due to wind conditions in Khark area, the Khark South-East coast has the maximum oil contamination potential. The results show the spilled oil may extremely threat the Khark area environment and especially the local prawns due to the high concentration of hydrocarbons in the water column. The reason for high level of entrainment and dispersion of oil in the water column is the possibility of high-speed blowout from the pipeline in form of a jet. Results indicates that the response action not only may have a low efficiency to reduce the potential environmental damages on the coast, but also may increase the potential environmental hazards on the local prawns due to the utilization of chemical dispersants. 15 24 2017/11/222018/02/72017/10/23 1396/8/1 2018/04/302018/06/192018/07/12 1397/4/21 Mehdi Shafieefar Mehdi Shafieefar Tarbiat Modares University iran shafiee@modares.ac.ir Pooya Rangbar Pooya Rangbar Offshore Structural Engineer, Saff-Rosemond iran pooya.ranjbar@gmail.com Hydrodynamic Simulation Oil Spill Pipeline Prawn Lehr, W., Cekirge, H., (1979), GULFSLICK I, a computer simulation of oil spill trajectories in the Arabian Gulf, Research Institute, KFUPM, 25.##Al-Rabeh, A.H., Cekirge, H.M., Gunay, N., (1991), Modeling the fate and transport of A-Ahmadi oil spill, Water, Air and Soil Pollution 65, 257-279.##Proctor, R., Eliott, A., Flather, R.A., (1994), Modeling tides and surface drift in the Persian Gulf-Application to the Gulf oil spill, Continental Shelf Research 14, 531–545.##Sabbagh Yazdi, S.R., (2006), Coupled solution of oil slick and depth averaged tidal currents on three-dimensional geometry of Persian Gulf, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2 (4), 309-317.##Elhakeem, A.A., Elshorbagy, W., Chebbi, R., (2007), Oil spill simulation and validation in the Persian Gulf with special reference to the UAE coast, Water Air Soil Pollution 184, 243–254.##Howlett, E., Jayko, K., Isaji, T., Anid, P., Gary, M., Francois, S., (2008), Marine forecasting and oil spill modeling in Dubai and the Gulf region, Dubai, COPEDEC 7.##Badri, M.A., Azimian, A. R., (2010), Oil spill model based on the Kelvin wave theory and artificial wind field for the Persian Gulf, Indian Journal of Marine Science 39 (2), 165-181.##Farzingohar, M., Zelina, Z.I., Yasemi, M., (2011), Oil spill modeling of diesel and gasoline with GNOME around Rajaee Port of Bandar Abbas, Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 10 (1), 35-46.##Ranjbar, P., Shafieefar, M., Rezvandoost, J., (2014), Modeling of oil spill and response in support of decreasing environmental oil effects case study: blowout from Khark subsea pipelines (Persian Gulf), International Journal of Environmental Research 8 (2), 289-296.##Rezvandoost, J., Shafieefar, M., Ranjbar, P., Arjmand, E., (2013), Simulation of Hypothetical Oil Spill from Platforms of Bahregansar Oilfield in the Persian Gulf, In Proc. of the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME), Kish, Iran.##Ranjbar, P., Shafieefar, M., Rezvandoost, J., (2011), Hydrodynamic study of accidental sub-sea oil blowout: case study of Khark island pipelines blowout, Proceedings of 10th Iranian Hydraulic Conference, University of Gilan, Gilan, Iran.##IOTC (Iranian Oil Terminals Company), (2011), Khark island database.##Reed, M., Aamo, O.M., Daling, P.S., (1995a), Quantitative analysis of alternate oil spill response strategies using OSCAR, Spill Science and Technology 2 (1), 67-74.##Aamo, O.M., Reed, M., Downing, K., (1996), Calibration, verification, and sensitivity analysis of the SINTEF oil spill contingency and response (OSCAR) model system, SINTEF, Report 42.4048.00/01/96.##Aamo, O.M., Reed, M., Daling, P.S., Johansen, O., (1993), A laboratory-based weathering model: PC version for coupling to transport models, Proceedings of the 1993 Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar, 617-626.##Daling, P.S., Brandvik, P.J., Mackay, D., Johansen, O., (1990), Characterization of crude oils for environmental purposes, Oil & Chemical Pollution 7, 199-224.##Reed, M., French, D., Rines, H., Rye, H., (1995b), A three dimensional oil and chemical spill model for environmental impact assessment, Proceedings of the International Oil Spill Conference 61-66.##Johansen, Ø., (2000), DeepBlow – A Lagrangian plume model for deep water blowouts, Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 2: 103-111.##Aamo, O.M., Reed, M, Daling, P.S., (1995), Evaluation of environmental consequences and effectiveness of oil spill response operations with a possible change in first line response at the Veslefrikk field, SINTEF, Report 95.006.##DHI, (2007), MIKE 21 flow model FM-hydrodynamic module user guide.##IPMO (Iranian Port and Maritime Organization), (2011), Water level measurement data base.##ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), (2011), [http://data.ecmwf.int/].##Smith, Sandwell, (1994, 1997), [http://topex.ucsd.edu/marine_topo/mar_topo.html].##Reed, M., Ekrol, N., Rye, H., Turner, L., (1999), Oil spill contingency and response (OSCAR) analysis in support of environmental impact assessment offshore Namibia, Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 5 (1), 29-38.##Reed, M., Rye, H., Johansen, Ø., Durgut, I., Hetland, B., Høverstad, B., Ditlevsen, M., Brönner, U., Arslanoglu, Y., Ekrol, N., Aamo, O.M., Downing, K., (2011), Technical description and verification tests of the SINTEF marine environmental modeling workbench (MEMW), SINTEF, Report STF66 F01044.##Niamaimandi, N., (2011), The life cycle of green tiger prawn (Penaeus Semisulcatus, De Haan, 1844) in the Iranian territorial waters of Persian Gulf, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) - Shrimp Research Center of Iran.##Reed, M., Turner, C., Odulo, A., (1994a), The role of wind and emulsification in modeling oil spill and surface drifter trajectories, Spill Science and Technology 2, 143-157.##Reed, M., French, D., Rines, H. (1994b), Numerical simulation of biological effects of oil spills, J. Adv. Marine Technol. Conf., 11, 65-90.##Al-Rabeh, A. H., Cekirge, H. M., Gunay, N. (1992), Modeling the fate and transport of Al-Ahmadi oil spill, Water and Air Pollution, 65, 257–279.##United States Defense Mapping Agency's digital chart of the world database, [http://www.nlh.no/ikf/gis/dcw/].## ##

A Review on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the SPP Concerning to the Available Experimental Data and Evaluating Regression Polynomial Functions 2 2 Surface-piercing propellers have been widely used in light and high-speed vessels because of their superior performance. One of the major steps in propeller selection algorithm is the determination of thrust as well as torque hydrodynamic coefficients. For the purpose of simplifying design and selection procedure, some relations are presented for determining hydrodynamic coefficients in some studies, precision, and accuracy of which must be validated due to the importance of the issue as well as having high development and operational costs. Therefore, these issues are evaluated in this study by field study and recognizing the presented relation set as well as acquiring experimental test data. The acquired results show lack of full agreement between semi-experimental relations and experimental data. In the following, due to the limitations of the regression relations presented in the determination of hydrodynamic coefficients, the database was developed from experimental data, the number of series is determined by extracting the regression relations for each series, these relations are used to determine the hydrodynamic coefficient of thrust and torque in the propeller selection algorithm. Finally, a suitable algorithm for selecting the surface-piercing propeller was presented and discussed. 25 35 2017/11/222018/02/72017/10/232018/05/27 1397/3/6 2018/04/302018/06/192018/07/122018/08/14 1397/5/23 Seyyed Mostafa Seyyedi Seyyed Mostafa Seyyedi Babol University of Technology iran mostafa_5054@yahoo.com Rouzbeh Shafaghat Rouzbeh Shafaghat Babol University of Technology iran rshafaghat@nit.ac.ir Negin Donyavizadeh Negin Donyavizadeh Babol University of Technology iran Negin_donya@yahoo.com Surface-piercing propeller Propeller experimental test Hydrodynamic coefficients Regression relations. B. S., Yin Lu Young, and M. S., (2002), Numerical Modeling of Supercavitating and Surface-Piercing Propellers, Report No. 02−1 Thesis (Ph. D.), Department of civil engineering, The university of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, Environmental and water resources engineering.##Yangajeh, M.A, Seif, M.S. and Mehdigholi, H., (2009), Determination of propeller speed in experimental model of surface-piercing propeller, 11th international conference of Iranian marine industries, Kish island. (In Persian)##Montazeri, N. and Ghassemi, H., (2009), Determination of hydrodynamic coefficients of the surface-piercing propeller by regression method, 6th annual conference of design principles and applications of high-speed craft, chaloos, Iran.(In Persian)##Ferrando, M., (2007), Performance of family of surface piercing propellers, pp. 63-70.##Ghassemi, H., Hassanvand, M., Nazari, A., Hashemi, H., and Ghasabzade, M., (2009), Hydrodynamic analysis of Surface-piercing propeller, 6th annual conference of design principles and applications of high-speed craft, chaloos, Iran.(In Persian)##Memarian, H., Zeraatgar, H., Bakhshande rostami, A., (2009), Designing of the surface-piercing propeller for a high-speed craft, 11th international conference of Iranian marine industries, Kish island Iran. (In Persian)##Hadler, J.B., and Hecker, R., (1968), Performance of Partially Submerged Propellers, Proc 7th ONR Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Rome.##Rose, J.C., and Kruppa, C. F., (1991), Methodical Series Model Test Results, FAST,91," Trondheim, Norway. Procs. Publ by Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, vol. 2, p. 1129.##Olofsson, N., (1996), Force and flow characteristics of a partially submerged propeller, Doctoral Thesis, Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Goteborg: Chalmers University of Technology.##Dyson, P.K., (2000), Modelling, testing and design, of a surface piercing propeller drive.##Nozawa, K., (2002), Hydrodynamic Performance and Exciting Force of SPP.##Ferrando, M., and Scamardella, A., (1996), Surface Piercing Propellers: Testing Methodologies, Result Analysis and Comments on Open Water Characteristics, pp. 1-27.##Ferrando, M., (1997), Surface piercing propellers: state of the art, Oceanic Eng. International, 1(2): 40–49.##Ferrando, M., and Scamardella, (1999), Surface-piercing propellers: model tests procedures and comments on related a dimensional parameters, Proceedings 5th Symposium on High-Speed Marine Vehicles, Capri, 24–26.##Ferrando, M., Viviani, M., Crotti, S., Cassella, P., Caldarella, S., (2006), Influence of Weber number on Surface Piercing Propellers model tests scaling, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD), Ischia, 4–6.##Lorio, J.M., (2011), Open Water Testing of a Surface Piercing Propeller with Varying Submergence, Yaw Angle and Inclination Angle, Master of Science in Ocean Engineering, The College ofjabia Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, Florida.##Misra, S.C., Gokan, R.P., Sha, O.P., Suryanarayana, Ch., and Suresh, R.V., (2012), Development of a Four-Bladed Surface Piercing Propeller Series Naval Engineering Journals, No. 124-4.##Carlton, J., (2007), Marine propellers and propulsion, Second edition, Butterworth-Heinemann.##Rajabiani, E., Imantalab, A., (2009), Mathematical analysis of a new model of the surface-piercing propeller by finite element method," national conference of maritime and shipping , chabahar, Iran.(In persian)##Pustoshny, A.V., Bointsov, V.P., Lebedev, E.P., and Stroganov, A., (2007), Development of 5-blade SPP series for fast speed boat Ninth international Conference on Fast Sea, Shanghai.## ##

Engineering Critical Assessment for Offshore Pipeline with Semi Elliptical Surface Cracks in Girth Weld – Comparison of FEM and BS7910 Guideline 2 2 Economical design with sufficient fracture resistance is of high importance in any offshore pipeline projects. Using an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA), alternate acceptance criteria for pipeline girth weld inspection can significantly reduce the cost of constructing of offshore oil and gas pipeline by minimizing unnecessary repairs. Offshore pipelines consist of short pipeline segments connected by girth welding method. Surface and embedded elliptical cracks due to welding operation are often observed at welding zone which pose a potential threat to the reliability of the offshore pipelines. To derive the acceptance criteria for pipeline girth weld defects and pipeline safety during installation and operation phase, an ECA based on fracture mechanics is required. In this paper, ECA of offshore pipeline with semi elliptical surface crack under pure tension loading is performed according to finite element method and BS7910 guideline. Moreover, a comparison between these two methods is offered. It is concluded that, ECA by BS7910 guideline is more conservative than finite element method, and the difference between the two diagrams increases as strain levels are increased. Also, comparisons of critical crack size curve for various strain levels are studied. 37 44 2017/11/222018/02/72017/10/232018/05/272018/03/14 1396/12/23 2018/04/302018/06/192018/07/122018/08/142018/09/2 1397/6/11 Mohammad Hossein Sharifi Mohammad Hossein Sharifi Faculty of marine science, Petroleum University of Technology, Mahmoudabad, Iran iran Sharifi@put.ac.ir Reza Soheili Reza Soheili Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran iran Reza.soheili@srbiau.ac.ir Ali Shaghaghi Moghaddam Ali Shaghaghi Moghaddam Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Iran iran Shaghaghi@ioec.com Farhood Azarsina Farhood Azarsina Department of Marine structure, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran iran F.Azarsina@srbiau.ir Engineering Critical Assessment Offshore Pipeline Girth weld Surface Cracks Acceptance Criteria FEM Berg, E., Ostby, E., Thaulow, C., (2008), Ultimate fracture capacity of pressurized pipes with defects – Comparisons of large scale testing and numerical simulations, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 2352-2366.##Thaulow,C., Jayadevan, K.R, (2005), Fracture Control Offshore Pipelines - Advantages of using direct calculations in fracture assessments of pipelines, 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2005) , halkidiki.##Pisarski, H., (2013), Assessment of flaws in pipeline girth welds—a critical review, TWI.##BS7910, (2005), Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures, British Standard.##API, (1999), American Petroleum Institute, Standard for Welding Pipelines.##DNV, (2012), Submarine Pipeline Systems.##Zhang, Y.M., Xiao, Z.M., Zhang, W.G., (2013), On 3-D crack problems in offshore pipeline with large plastic deformation, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Vols. 66-67, pp. 22-28.##Linkense, D., Formby,CL., (2000), A strain-based approach to fracture assessment, 5th International Conference on Engineering.##Wang,YY., Stephens, M., Horsley,D., (2008), Preliminary analysis of tensile strain capacity of full-scale pipe tests with internal pressure. 18th International offshore and polar engineering conference ISOPE. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada##Tkaczyk, T., O'Dowd, N. P., Nikbin, K., (2009), Fracture assessment procedures for steel pipelines using a modified reference stress solution. ASME International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, vol. 131##Nourpanah, N., Taheri, F., (2010), Development of a reference strain approach for assessment of fracture response of reeled pipelines. Journal of Engineering fracture mechanics, vol 77: p. 2337–2353.##Linkens D, Formby CL, Ainsworth RA. A (2000). Strain-based approach to fracture assessment-example applications. Proceedings of fifth international conference on engineering structural integrity assessment. Cambridge: EMAS.##Yi, D. K., Sridhar, I., Zhongmin, X., Kumar, S. B., (2012). Fracture capacity of girth welded pipelines with 3D surface cracks subjected to biaxial loading conditions. 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G., Huang, Z. H., (2014), Strain-based CTOD estimation formulations for fracture assessment of offshore pipelines subjected to large plastic deformation, journal of Ocean Engineering, vol. 91, pp. 64-72.##DNV-RP-F108, (2006), Fracture control for pipeline installation methods introducing, Det Norske Veritas.##"ABAQUS standard code version 6.14".##Yong-yi, W., Liu, M., (2012), Tensile Strain Models for Strain-Based Design of Pipelines, International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering,Rio de Janeiro.## ##

A boundary element study for evaluation of the effects of the rigid baffles on liquid sloshing in rigid containers 2 2 In this paper, the sloshing response of liquid in a two dimensional rigid rectangular tank with rigid baffles is investigated using boundary element technique. A baffle is a supplementary structural element which supplies a kind of passive control on the effects of ground shaking. The complicated liquid domain is divided into two simple sub-domains so that the liquid velocity potential in each liquid sub-domain is specified employing Green’s theorem, and the walls and free surface boundary conditions are applied. The liquid region is modeled by internal quadrilateral boundary elements, which reduce the three-dimensional fluid problem into a two-dimensional-surface one. The validity of the present algorithm is assessed through the comparison with the accessible results for the rectangular tank without baffle and then developed to the solution of tanks with rigid baffles. Several parametric studies are performed to show the liquid sloshing effects in terms of the slosh frequencies and free surface displacement by consideration of the effects of baffle parameters such as position and dimension. From these analyses, it may be concluded that in the special case of long-period ground earthquake, the baffle device amplifies the dynamic responses of liquid tank which may be interpreted by the fact that the predominant period of the ground shaking is set at the fundamental natural sloshing periods. 45 54 2017/11/222018/02/72017/10/232018/05/272018/03/142017/10/5 1396/7/13 2018/04/302018/06/192018/07/122018/08/142018/09/22018/09/24 1397/7/2 Amir Behshad Amir Behshad assistant professor, faculty of engineering and Mining iran a.behshad@mail.yu.ac.ir Mohammad Reza Shekari Mohammad Reza Shekari Department of Civil Engineering, Estahban Higher Education Center, Estahban Iran shekari.2291@gmail.com liquid sloshing baffled tank boundary element method Ibrahim, R.A.; (2005), Liquid Sloshing Dynamics: Theory and Applications; Cambridge University Press, New York.##Evans D.V., McIver P. (1987), Resonant frequencies in a container with a vertical baffle, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 175: p. 295–307.##Watson E.B.B., Evans D.V., (1991), Resonant frequencies of a fluid in containers with internal bodies, Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 25: p. 115–135.##Choun, Y.-S., Yun, C.-B., (1996), Sloshing characteristics in rectangular tanks with a submerged block, Computers & Structures, 61(3): p. 401–413.##Choun, Y.-S., Yun, C.-B., (1999), Sloshing analysis of rectangular tanks with a submerged structure using small-amplitude wave theory. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 28(7): p.763–783.##https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199907)28:7<763::AID-EQE841>3.0.CO;2-W##Warnitchai, P., Pinkaew T., (1998), Modelling of liquid sloshing in rectangular tanks with flow-damping devices. Engineering Structures, 20: p. 593–600.##Isaacson, M., Premasiri S., (2001), Hydrodynamic damping due to baffles in a rectangular tank. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 28: p. 608–616.##Biswal, K.C., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Sinha, P.K., (2003), Free vibration analysis of liquid filled tank with baffles. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 259 (1): p.177–192.##Biswal, K.C., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Sinha, P.K., (2004), Dynamic response analysis of a liquid filled cylindrical tank with annular baffle. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 274 (1–2), p. 13–37.##Frandsen, J. B., (2004), Sloshing motions in excited tank, Journal of Computational Physics, 196(1), p. 53–87.##Bermudez, A., Rodriguez, R., Santamarina, D., (2003), Finite element computation of sloshing modes in containers with elastic baffles plates. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 56(3): p. 447–467.##Lee, S.Y., Cho, J.R., (2003), Dynamic analysis of baffled fuel storage tanks using the ALE finite element method. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 41: p. 185–208.##Iseki, T., Shinkai, A., Nakatake, K., (1989), Boundary element analysis of 3-dimensional sloshing problem by using cubic spline element. Naval Architect (Japan), 166: p. 355–362.##Sen, D. A., (1995), cubic-spline boundary integral method for two-dimensional free-surface flow problems. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 38(11): p. 1809–1830.##Dutta, S., Laha, M.K., (2000), Analysis of the small amplitude sloshing of a liquid in a rigid container of arbitrary shape using a low-order boundary element method. Int J Numer Meth Engng, 47: p. 1633–48.##https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(20000330)47:9<1633::AID-NME851>3.0.CO;2-1##Gedikli, A., Erguven, M.E., (1999), Seismic analysis of a liquid storage tank with a baffle. Int J Sound Vib 1999, 223: p. 141–56.##Gedikli, A., Erguven, M.E., (2003), Evaluation of sloshing problem by variational boundary element method, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 27(9): p. 935–943.##Kita, E., Katsuragawab, J., Kamiya, N., (2004), Application of Trefftz-type boundary element method to simulation of two-dimensional sloshing phenomenon, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 28(6): p. 677–683.##Jamali, M., (2006), BEM modeling of surface water wave motion with laminar boundary layers. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 30(1): p. 14–21.##Ning D.-Z., Teng B., Zhao H.-T., and Hao C.-I., (2010), A comparison of two methods for calculating solid angle coefficients in a BIEM numerical wave tank, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 34(1): p. 92–96.##Sygulski, R., (2011), Boundary element analysis of liquid sloshing in baffled tanks, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 35 (8): p. 978-983.##Ebrahimian, M., Noorian, M.A., Haddadpour, H., (2013), A successive boundary element model for investigation of sloshing frequencies in axisymmetric multi baffled containers, 37(2): p. 383–392.##De-Zhi, N., Wei-Hua, S., Yu-Long, L., Bin, Teng, (2012), Boundary Element Investigation of Liquid Sloshing in Coupled Horizontal and Vertical Excitation, Journal of Applied Mathematics, 20 pages.##Firouz-Abadi, R.D., Haddadpour, H., Noorian, M.A., Ghasemi, M., (2008), A 3D BEM model for liquid sloshing in baffled tanks, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 76: p. 1419-1433.##Shekari, M.R., Khaji, N., Ahmadi, M.T., (2009), A coupled BE–FE study for evaluation of seismically isolated cylindrical liquid storage tanks considering fluid–structure interaction. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 25(3): p. 567–585.##Shekari, M.R., (2014), Seismic response of liquid-filled tank with baffles, Journal of Marine Science and Application, Volume 13: p. 299–304.##Brebbia, C.A., Dominguez, J., (1992), Boundary Elements, An Introductory Course. CMP & McGraw-Hill, New York.##Biswal, K.C., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Sinha, P.K. (2006), Non-linear sloshing in partially liquid filled containers with baffles. Int J Numer Methods Eng, 68: p. 317–337.##Goudarzi, M.A., Sabbagh-Yazdi, S.R., (2012), Investigation of nonlinear sloshing effects in seismically excited tanks. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 43, p. 355–365.##Degtyarev, K., Gnitko, V., Naumenko, V., Strelnikova, E. A., (2016), Reduced Boundary Element Method for Liquid Sloshing Analysis of Cylindrical and Conical Tanks with Baffles. International Journal of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, 1: p. 14-27.##Akyildiz, H., Unal, E.N., (2005), Experimental investigation of pressure distribution on a rectangular tank due to the liquid sloshing, Ocean Engineering, 32, p. 1503–1516.## ##