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Evaluation of the main factors effective on loading and unloading of dry bulk cargo with a focus on reduced rate of loading and unloading in the Imam Khomeini port - Iran 2 2 This article aims to determine the main factors affecting the fast and reliable loading and unloading of the dry bulk terminal in the Imam Khomeini Port with an emphasis on reduced rate of loading and unloading in order to improve the performance of the port. In this study, the actual loading and discharging statistics data related to the port used previously as validated databases. A linear regression method used for calculating and final analysis in order to analyze the data and obtain the results by using the econometric method. The overall results of this study indicate that in the first model-independent variables of a technical defect of ship equipment, delay in separation, and displacement of cooling equipment affect the dependent rate of loading variable and this effect is indirect. In the second model, independent quarantine variables, technical defects of ship equipment, and the displacement of the cooling equipment influenced by the rate of unloading the dependent variable and these effects are indirect. 1 9 2020/11/13 1399/8/23 2021/02/24 1399/12/6 Homayoun Yousefi Homayoun Yousefi Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology iran homayounyousefi@yahoo.com Port performance Bulk Terminal Ship equipment Delay in separation Bazargan, A. (2012) 'Practical statistics', first publication, Shiraz University Publication, pp 48-62.##Farhanianzadeh, S. and Yousefi, H. (2014) 'Investigation and ranking of factors affecting the optimal unloading and loading of bulk goods in the port' MSc. thesis, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology.##Nooramin, S. and Sayareh, J. (2012) 'Finding the causes of delays in the operation of unloading and loading dry bulk goods in the port of Imam Khomeini using the method of error analysis and its effects', Journal of Oceanography, year 2, issue 6, summer, pp 49-55.##Bugaric, U. and Petrovic, D. (2007) 'Increasing the capacity of terminal for bulk cargo unloading.' Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 15(10): 1366-1381.##Tongzon, J. L. (1995) 'Determinants of port performance and efficiency', Transportation Research Part A, vol. 29A, no.3, pp.245-252##Van Vianen, T. et al. (2014) 'Simulation-based determination of the required stockyard size for dry bulk terminals.' Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 42: 119-128.##Vianen, T. A., Mooijman, D. L., Ottjes, J. A., and Lodewijks, G. (2012) 'Simulation based operation control of dry bulk terminal in proceedings of the (2012)', International Conference on Networking Sensing and Control (ICNSC 2012) , Beijing - China, 35: 73-78.##Neter, J., Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., and Wasserman, W. (1996) 'Applied linear statistical models', vol. 4, p. 318. Chicago - Irwin.##U. Bugaric, D. Petrovic (2007) 'Increasing the capacity of terminal for bulk cargo unloading'. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 1366-1381##UNCTAD. (1993) 'Strategic planning for port authorities', United Nations, Geneva.##Umang, N. et al. (2011) 'The berth allocation problem in bulk ports'. 11th Swiss Transport Research Conference.##Waldhwa, L. C. (1992) 'Planning operations of bulk loading terminals by simulation', Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 300-315## ##

Experimental investigation of comparison of optical fiber acoustic sensor with standard hydrophone in shallow water 2 2 In this paper, we present experimental results of one optical fiber acoustic sensor in shallow water. Output trend of sensor is investigated primarily comparing with the change of acoustic amplitude of transmitter and then the frequency response of sensor is determined. The results show that, the optical fiber sensor has linear trend comparing with a standard hydrophone and its frequency response is similar to that of hydrophone. The results show that the optical fiber sensor output has equal trend comparing to a standard hydrophone. The results also show that, the frequency response trend of optical fiber sensor at 0.7- 5 kHz range is similar to that of a standard hydrophone. 11 15 2020/11/132020/07/21 1399/4/31 2021/02/242021/03/6 1399/12/16 Hassan Sayyaadi Hassan Sayyaadi School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology iran sayyaadi@sharif.edu Mohammad Said Seif Mohammad Said Seif School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology iran seif@sharif.edu Ali Asghar Abniki Ali Asghar Abniki School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology iran aliasghar_abniki@yahoo.com optical fiber sensor frequency response heterodyne method G. Rajen, Optical Fiber Sensors, Vols. I, CRC Press, 2015.##K. T.V. Grattan and B. T. Meggitt Wolfoeis, Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, Springer Press, 2000.##C. K. Kirkendall and A. Dandridge, Overview of high performance fibre-optic sensing, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., vol. 37, no. 18, pp. R197-R216, Sep. 2004.##E. Udd an W.B. Spillman. Fiber Optic Sesnors, Vols. I and II. Boca Raton, FL: WILEY Press, 2011.##Y. Zhang, D. Feng, Z. Liu, Z. Guo, X. Dong, K. S. Chiang, B. C. B. Chu. High-sensitivity pressure sensor using a shielded polymer-coated fiber Bragg grating,IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 13(6), 618-619, 2001.##G.B. Hocker, Fiber optic acoustic sensors with increased sensitivity by use of composite structures, Opt. Lett. 4 (10) (1979) 320-321.##N. Lagakos, T.R. Hickman, P. Ehrenfeuchter, J.A. Bucaro, A. Dandridge, Planar flexible fiber-optic acoustic sensors, J. Lightwave Technol. 8 (9) (1990) 1298-1303.##X. Hong, J. Wu, C. Zuo, F. Liu, H. Guo, K. Xu, Dual Michelson interferometers for distributed vibration detection, Appl. Opt. 50 (22) (2011) 4333-4338.##H. Moradi, F. Hosseinbalam and S. Hassanzadeh, "Simulation and experimental investigation about interferometric optical fiber acoustic sensor for sensitivity enhancement", Measurement 137(c), 556-561 (2019).##J.L. Rivera, M.P. Sánchez, A. Miridonov, S. Stepanov, Adaptive Sagnac interferometer with dynamic population grating in saturable rare-earthdoped fiber, Opt. Exp. 21 (4) (2013) 4280-4290.##E. Udd, Fibre-optic acoustic sensor based on the Sagnac interferometer, Proc.SPIE 425 (1983) 90-95.##F. Xu, D. Ren, X. Shi, C. Li, W. Lu, L. Lu, et al., High-sensitivity Fabry-Pérotinterferometric pressure sensor based on a nanothick silver diaphragm, Opt.Lett. 37 (2) (2012) 133-135.##H. Moradi, F. Hosseinbalam and S. Hassanzadeh, "improving signal to noise ratio in Fiber-Optic Fabry-Pérot Acoustic Sensor ", Laser Physics Letters 16 (6), 065106 (2019).##M. Prashil, A finite element analysis of fiber optic acoustic sensor mandrel for acoustic pressure with increased sensitivity. American journal of Engineering Research, Volume 02, Issue 09, pp 01-07, 2013.##Sh. Yin, P, Ruffin. Fiber Optics sensor, Scientific American, CRC Press, 2008.21##N. Zhang, Z. Meng, S. Xiong, and Q. Yao, Heterodyne demodulation scheme for fiber-optic hydrophone arrays, Spie, vol. 7853, p. 78530R-78530R-8, Nov. 2010.##M. J. Connelly, Digital synthetic-heterodyne interferometric demodulation, J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. S400-S405, 2002.## ##

Experimental Study on Influence of Using Urease Enzyme on Stabilized Sandy Soil’s Engineering Property by Zeolite and Sawdust 2 2 Soil plays an important role in any structure, so soil improvement has become one of the most essential parts of construction projects. This study investigated influence of  sawdust admixture on inshore sandy soil stabilized by zeolite and urease enzyme. One of the problems that environmental engineers encounter with is accumulating waste materials، sawdust is one of these materials. One way for reducing these side products is reusing them, especially for soil improvement. Sandy soil with uniform granulation (SP) due to it’s incoherence is one of the most problematic kind of soils. Therefore, sawdust with zeolite has been used to improve soil engineering properties and the results have been compared with the effect of calcium carbonate precipitation (CaCO3) on the soil. Today, by advancement in various sciences and knowledge boundaries elimination in various fields, new and environmentally friendly materials can be used as an alternative method to traditional materials. One of these substances is urease enzymes, which are obtained from natural sources such as Jack Beans  or bacteria’s activity  such as Sporosarcina pasteurii. Samples in this study were made with  4, 8 and 12 percent by weight of zeolite and 4, 8 and 12 percent by weight of sawdust and were cured for 7, 14, 28 and 45 days. According to compaction test results, by increasing zeolite and sawdust’s percentage, optimum moisture content has been increased and maximum dry density decreased. The results of unconfined compression strength (UCS) test showed that the samples with 4% sawdust, 8% zeolite and calcite precipitation has about 9% increase in maximum strength compare with the samples without calcite precipitation and with higher zeolite content. Also, the rupture strain of samples with calcite precipitation was higher than the samples without it. 17 27 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/22 1399/6/1 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/6 1399/12/16 Reza Yousefi Reza Yousefi Qom University of Technology iran yousefi.r@qut.ac.ir Amir Abbas Amooei Amir Abbas Amooei Qom University of Technology iran amooei.a@qut.ac.ir Masoud Amel Sakhi Masoud Amel Sakhi Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Qom University of Technology iran amelsakhi@qut.ac.ir Abdolreza Karimi Abdolreza Karimi Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Qom University of Technology iran karimi@qut.ac.ir Soil improvement Urease enzyme Zeolite Sawdust UCS test GUNARATNE, M.,(2006), The foundation engineering handbook, Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press.##ARDESTANI, P.,(2008), Environmental effects of using nanosilica in concrete, M.Sc. Thesis, KNT University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)##Fertu, T. and Gavrilescu, M.,(2012), application of natural zeolites as sorbents in the clean-up of aqueous streams, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management, 11(1), p. 867-878.##RIBERIO, F. RADRIGUES, L. and CLAUDE, N.,(1984), Zeolites science and technology, Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.##KADHIM, F. and ZHENG, J.,(2016), Review of the factors that influence on the microbial induced calcite precipitation, Journal of Civil and Environmentl Research, 8(12), p. 69-76.##DEJONG, J. FRITZGES, M. and NUSSlEIN, K.,(2006), Microbially induced cementation to control sand response to undrained shear, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(11), p. 1381-1392.##MODOLO, LV. DE SOUZA, A. HORTA, LP. ARAUJO, D. DE FATMA, A.,(2015), An overview on the potential of natural products as ureases inhibitors: a review. Journal of Advance Research, 6, p. 35-44.##WHIFFIN, V.,(2004), Microbial CaCO3 precipitation for the production of biocement, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, p. 154-163.##KRAJEWSKA, B.,(2018), Urease-aided calcium carbonate mineralization for engineering applications: A review, Journal of Advance Research, 13, p. 59-67.##DEJONG, J. MORTENSEN, B. MARTINEZ, B. and NELSON, D.,(2010), Bio-mediated soil improvement, Journal of Ecological Engineering, 36(2), p. 197-210.##VAN PAASSEN, L.,(2006), Ground improvement by microbially induced carbonate precipitation, Delft University of Technology.##LARSSON, S. and AXELSOON, M.,(2012), Stabilization of frictional soil through injection using CIPS, Master of Science Thesis, Division of Soil and Rock Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm.##MURRAY, R. GRANNER, D. MAYES, P. and RODWELL, V.,(2003), Harper's illustrated biochemistry, McGraw-Hil Co. Inc., US, p. 60-71.##MOLLA ABBASI, H. and SHOOSH PASHA, I.,(2016), Investigation of the effect of zeolite on Babolsar sandy soil strength, cement-stabilized using uniaxial compressive strength test, Journal of Civil Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 4(16), p. 203-213. (In Persian)##ABBASI, M. SHOOSH PASHA, I. and MOLLA ABBASI, H.,(2018), Investigation of the effect of zeolite on shear strength of Babsalar sand, stabilized by cement, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tabriz University, 1(49), p. 89-96. (In Persian)##ABBASI, M. SHOOSH PASHA, I. and MOLLA ABBASI, H.,(2018), Investigation of the effect of zeolite on tensile strength of sandblasted Babolsar sand cement, Journal of Civil Engineering, Sharif University, 1(33), pp. 117-120. (In Persian)##ABBASI, M.,(2014), Study of zeolite on tensile strength of Babolsar sandy soils, M.Sc Thesis, Mazandaran Institute of Higher Industrial Education. (in Persian)##DEMIRBAS, G.,(2009), Stabilization of expansive soils using bigadic zeolite, PhD Thesis, University of METU, Ankara, Turkey.##RAKESH, V. SHWETANK, R. CHINMAYEE, R. LOKENDRA, P. and MAYUR, R.,(2017), Stabilisation of black cotton soil using sawdust and cement, IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, 5(9), p. 728-731.##MORAVEJ, S. HABIB AGHAHI, G. NIKOOEE, E. and NIYAZI, A.,(2018), Stabilization of dispersive soils by means of biological calcite precipitation, Geoderma, 315, p. 130-137.##WHIFFIN, V. VAN PAASSEN, L. and HARKES, M.,(2007), Microbial carbonate precipitation as a soil improvement technique, Geomicrobiology Journal, 24(5), p. 417-423.##PARK, S.,(2011), Unconfined compressive strength and ductility of fiber-reinforced cemented sand, Construction and Building Materials, 25(31), p. 1134-1138.##Annual book of ASTM C136 standards.,(2012), Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken.##Annual book of ASTM D2487 standards.,(2012), Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken.##Annual book of ASTM D698 standards.,(2012), Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken.##Annual book of ASTM D4253 standards.,(2012), Standard test methods for minimum index density and unit weight of soils and calculation of relative density. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken.##Annual book of ASTM D4254 standards.,(2012), Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils and calculation of relative density. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken.##Annual book of ASTM D854 standards.,(2012), Standard test for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. 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Evaluation of Optimal IM-EDP pairs for Typical South Pars Fixed Pile-Founded Offshore Platforms 2 2 Probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) for typical South Pars fixed pile-founded offshore platforms, utilizing probabilistic seismic demand analysis (PSDA) have been presented in this study. It expresses the probability that a system experiences a certain level of engineering demand parameter (EDP) for a given intensity measure (IM) level. Utilizing Bin approach, 80 ground motion records have been selected. A three dimensional (3D) nonlinear model has been generated considering the effects of soil-pile-structure interaction (SPSI) and analyzed for each ground motion. The process involves a modal analysis to determine natural frequency as well as a static pushover analysis to establish yield values, and mode shape information, and finally 80 dynamic time-history analyses to determine demand, given IMs. With the probabilistic models being traditionally conditioned on a single seismic IM and single EDP, the degree of uncertainty in the models is dependent on the IM and EDP used. The present study evaluated optimal PSDMs build from 16 IMs against a wide range of EDPs in levels of local, intermediate and global. From a large combination of IM-EDP pairs, a selection of the optimal pairs has been made owing to the criteria of practicality, effectiveness, efficiency, and sufficiency. Results indicate the absolute superiority of velocity-related IMs compared to acceleration, displacement and time-related ones for most of EDP types. In particular, Housner Intensity-Global Drift and Specific Energy Density-Global Ductility (in global level), Housner Intensity-Jacket Drift (in intermediate level) and Housner Intensity- TopDeck Differential Settlement (in local level) result in optimal pairs. Conversely, Sa(T1, 5%), the widely used IM in probabilistic assessment of fixed pile-founded offshore platforms, demonstrates relatively poor performance in predicting the demand parameters. 29 49 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/11 1399/11/23 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/19 1400/3/29 Samira Babaei Samira Babaei Department of Civil Engineering, University of Qom, Iran iran s.babaei@stu.qom.ac.ir.com Rouhollah Amirabadi Rouhollah Amirabadi Department of Civil Engineering, University of Qom, Iran Iran r.amirabadi@qom.ac.ir Mahdi Sharifi Mahdi Sharifi Department of Civil Engineering, University of Qom, Iran iran m.sharifi@qom.ac.ir Probabilistic Seismic Demand Model Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis Intensity Measure Engineering Demand Parameter Fixed Pile-Founded Offshore Platform Yasseri, S.F., Ossei, R., (2004), Seismic fragility analysis of pile-founded offshore platforms, Proc. International Offshore and Polar Eng. Conference, Toulon, France.##El-Din, M. N. and Kim, J., (2014), Seismic performance evaluation and retrofit of fixed jacket offshore platform structures, J. Performance of Constructed Facilities.##Cornell, CA., (1995), Structural reliability-some contributions to offshore technology, Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, 7753. Paper OTC.##ISO. (2004), ISO 19902 petroleum and natural gas industries-fixed steel offshore structures. International Organization for Standardization.##Ronalds, B.F., Trench, D.J., Pinna R., (2007), On the relationship between platform topology, topside weight and structural reliability under storm overload. J. Constr. Steel Res., 63(8):1016-23.##Asgarian, B., Aghakouchak, A. A., Alanjari, P. and Assareh, M. A., (2008), Incremental Dynamic Analysis of Jacket Type Offshore Platforms Considering Soil-Pile Interaction, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing China.##Vamvatsikos, D., (2002), Seismic Performance Capacity and Reliability of Structures as Seen through Incremental Dynamic Analysis, Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.##Ajamy A., Zolfaghari M.R., Asgarian B., Ventura C.E., (2014), Probabilistic seismic analysis of offshore platforms incorporating uncertainty in soil-pile-structure interactions, J. Constr. Steel Res.; 101, 265-279.##Elsayed, T., El-Shaib, M., Gbr, k., (2014), Reliability of fixed offshore jacket platform against earthquake collapse, J. Ships Offshore Struct., Vol.11 (2), p. 167-181.##Anderson, T.W., & Darling, D.A., (1954), A test of goodness-of-fit, J. Am. Stat. Assoc, Vol. 49, p.765-769.##Abyani, M., Asgarian, B., Zarrin, M., (2017), Statistical assessment of seismic fragility curves for steel jacket platforms considering global dynamic instability, J. of Ships and Offshore Struc., Vol.13 (4), p. 366-374.##Abyani, M., Bahaari, M. R., Zarrin, M., & Nasseri, M. (2019), Effects of sample size of ground motions on seismic fragility analysis of offshore jacket platforms using Genetic Algorithm, J. Ocean Eng., Vol. 189.##Cornell, CA., & Krawinkler, H., (2000), Progress and challenges in seismic performance assessment, PEER Center News, Vol.3(2).##Shome, N., (1999), Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis of Nonlinear Structures. PhD. Thesis, Dep. Civil and Envir. Eng. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.##Shome, N., and Cornell, C.A., (1999), Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures, Reliability of Marine Structures Report No. RMS-35, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineering, Stanford University, California.##Luco, N., (2002). Probabilistic seismic demand analysis, SMRF connection fractures, and near-source effects. Ph.D. Thesis. Dep. Civil and Environ. Eng. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.##Gardoni, P., Der Kiureghian, A., & Mosalam, K.M., (2002), Probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates for reinforced concrete columns based on experimental observations, J. Eng. Mech., Vol. 128(10), p. 1024-1038.##Mackie, K., & Stojadinovic, B., (2003), Seismic demands for performance-based design of bridges, PEER 2003/16 Report, PEER Center, California.##Gardoni, P., Mosalam, K.M., & Der Kiureghian, A., (2003), Probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility estimates for RC bridges, J. Earthq. Eng., Vol. 7(1), p. 79-106.##Zhong, J., Gardoni, P., Rosowsky, D., & Haukaas, T., (2008), Probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility estimates for reinforced concrete bridges with two-column bents, J. Eng. Mech., Vol. 134(6), p. 495-504.##Huang, Q., Gardoni, P., & Hurlebaus, S., (2010), Probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility estimates for reinforced concrete highway bridges with one single-column bent, J. Eng. Mech., Vol.136(11), p. 1340-1353.##Padgett, J. E., Neilson, B. G., & DesRoches, R., (2008), Selection of Optimal Intensity Measures in Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models of Highway Bridge Portfolios, J. Earthq. Eng. Struc. Dyn., Vol.37.##Werner, S.D., Rix, G.J., & DesRoches, R., (2008), Seismic risk management for seaports, Paper presented at the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.##Rix, G.J., Burden, L., & Werner, S.D., (2009), Seismic risk management for port systems, TCLEE Conference, Oakland, CA.##Werner, S.D., DesRoches, R., Rix, G.J., & Shafieezadeh, A., (2009), Fragility models for container cargo wharves, Paper presented at the TCLEE 2009 Conference, Oakland, CA.##Yang, C.W., DesRoches, R., & Rix, G.J., (2012), Numerical fragility analysis of vertical-pile-supported wharves in the western United States, J. Earthq. Eng.m Vol.16(4), p. 579-594.##Shafieezadeh, A., (2011), Seismic vulnerability assessment of wharf structures, Ph.D. dissertation. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.##Amirabadi, R., Bargi, Kh., Dolatshahi, M., Heidary Torkamani, H., & Maccullough, N., (2014), Determination of optimal probabilistic seismic demand models for pile-supported wharves, Structure and Infrastructure Engineering: Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle Design and Performance, Vol. 10(9), p. 1119-1145.##Berahman, F. and Behnamfar, F., (2009), Probabilistic Seismic Demand Model and Fragility Estimates for critical Failure modes of Un-Anchored Steel Storage Tanks in Petroleum Complexes, J. Probabilistic Eng. Mech. Elsevier, Vol. 24, p.527-536.##Lucchini, A., Franchin, P., & Mollaioli, F., (2015), Probabilistic Seismic Demand. Model for Nonstructural Components, Earthq. Eng. Struc. Dyn., Vol. 45, p. 599-617.##Hariri-Ardebili, M. A. and Saouma, V. E., (2016), Probabilistic Seismic Demand Model and Optimal Intensity Measure for Concrete Dams, J. Struct. Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 59, p. 67-85.##Kaynia, A. M., (2019), Seismic Consideration in Design of offshore Wind Turbines, Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 124, 399-407.##Kia M., Amini A., Bayat M. and Ziehl P., (2020), Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis of Structures Using Reliability Approaches, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami,##American Petroleum Institute, (2000), Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms. API Recommended Practice 2A (RP-2A). 21st ed. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.##Shome, N., Cornell, C.A., Bazzurro, P., & Caraballo, J.E., (1998), Earthquakes, records, and nonlinear responses. Earthquake Spectra, 14(3), 467-500.##Foutch, D.A., Yu, C.Y., & Wen, Y.K., (1992), Reliability of steel frame buildings under seismic load. 10th World Conference on Earthq. Eng., Rotterdam, Netherlands.##Pacific earthquake engineering research center., (2006), PEER NGA Database. 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Mech Div; Vol. 85, p. 109-130## ##

Mooring system fatigue analysis for CALM and SALM oil terminals 2 2 Offshore oil terminals are a cheaper and safer solution than conventional shore terminals for unloading and loading tankers. There are several types of offshore terminals, including Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) and Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM). Safety is crucially important for offshore terminals. However, over the past few decades, mooring accidents of permanent floating structures have occurred quite frequently in the last few decades. Most of these failures have been caused by fatigue load. T-N curves-based mooring system fatigue analyses for a CALM and SALM oil terminal are presented. Stress amplitudes are calculated based on the tension amplitudes of the mooring lines under the combined loading process due to wave frequency (WF) and low frequency (LF) motion. A comparison is made between CALM and SALM mooring fatigue designs based on the conditions of the Persian Gulf region. For simulation, the hydrodynamic response characteristics of terminals and tankers are first calculated using ANSYS AQWA software, and then the outputs are imported into ORCAFLEX software for fatigue analysis. The results show that under the same environmental conditions with the same tanker tonnage, the SALM terminal mooring system shows a greater fatigue life. The minimum fatigue life of the mooring system for CALM and SALM terminals occurs at near the touch-down position (TDP) and the near of connection to the seabed, respectively. It is revealed that by changing the value of minimum breaking strength (MBS) the fatigue life of the CALM and SALM terminals changes by 119% and 100%, respectively. It is also observed that by changing the amount of K value (the value for platted T-N curve), the fatigue life of the CALM and SALM terminals changes by the same amount. In all cases, the value of R (the ratio of tension range to reference breaking strength), in the mooring line of SALM terminal, although more tension is generated, the ratio of R is less and will improve the life of fatigue. 51 65 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/18 1399/11/30 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/27 1400/4/6 Pedram Eedalat Pedram Eedalat Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology iran edalat@put.ac.ir Esmaeil Hasanvand Esmaeil Hasanvand Offshore Structure Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology iran E.hasanvand@mnc.put.ac.ir Mooring system Fatigue analysis T-N curve Oil terminal OrcaFlex Wichers, J., (2013) Guide to single point moorings. WMooring.##Gruy R. H. and et al, (1979), The LOOP deepwater port: Design and construction of the Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM) tanker terminals, in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference, vol. 1979-May, pp. 1793-1803.##Xue, X. and et al, (2018), Mooring system fatigue analysis for a semi-submersible, Ocean Eng., vol. 156, pp. 550-563.##Laval G. de, (1971), Fatigue tests on anchor chain-cable, in Offshore Technology Conference.##Olsen M. K., (2011), Estimation of annual probability of mooring line failure as a function of safety factors, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for .##Wu, Y. and Wang, T., (2015), Governing factors and locations of fatigue damage on mooring lines of floating structures, Ocean Eng., vol. 96, pp. 109-124,.##Amaechi, C. V., Wang, F., Hou, X., and Ye, J., (2019) Strength of submarine hoses in Chinese-lantern configuration from hydrodynamic loads on CALM buoy. Ocean Eng., vol. 171, pp. 429-442.##Pecher, A., Foglia, A., and Kofoed, J. P., (2014), Comparison and sensitivity investigations of a CALM and SALM Type mooring system for wave energy converters, J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 93-122, Feb..##Olagnon, M. and Guede, Z., (2008) , Rainflow fatigue analysis for loads with multimodal power spectral densities, Mar. Struct., vol. 21, no. 2-3, pp. 160-176,.##D. N. Veritas, "DNV-RP-C205, (2010) Environ. Cond. Environ. loads.##Tafazzoli, S. and Shafaghat, R., (2019) ,Investigating the behavior of the mooring system for a conceptual design of a spar floating wind turbine under survival conditions, J. Mar. Eng., vol. 15, no. 29, pp. 49-62.##"AQWA User Manual." [Online]. Available: https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Ansys/14.0/en-us/help/wb_aqwa/wb_aqwa.html. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2018].##API, API RP2SK.Design and analysis of stationkeeping systems for floating structures,(2015), 3rd ed. American Petroleum Institute.##Orcaflex, OrcaFlex Manual version 9.7a,2015. section 1;3;4;6;7, 2015.## ##

Post Buckling Analysis with Different Configurations of Snaked Laid Pipelines 2 2 A common solution for oil and gas transportation in offshore fields is long distance pipelines. Flowing of High Pressure/ High Temperature (HP/HT) fluid may cause uncontrolled buckling because of material or geometry defects. In order to reduce damages and avoid buckling in unpredictable places, the controlled buckling concept is introduced. In order to trigger buckling in predetermined location, pipeline can be placed in snaked lay configuration. In this article, it is aimed to investigate the effect of geometrical parameters, i.e., laying wavelength, laying radius and offset angle of snaked lay configuration on the displacement of offshore pipelines, axial force and bending moment in post buckling stage under HP/HT condition. Then, these results are used to evaluate the global buckling failure. This work is performed by using nonlinear finite element analysis and pipe-soil interaction of as-laid pipelines is modeled by employing spring elements. The results of investigation show that different ranges of the mentioned parameters may cause the maximum difference in displacement, bending moment and axial force about 133.6%, 155%, and 30%, respectively. Investigation of global buckling failure determine the most critical section of pipelines and it is observed that as the curved section of pipeline shrinks, the possibility of global buckling failure will increase but the effect of laying wavelength is contrary and the failure will be decreased about 8.3%. 67 78 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/182021/03/28 1400/1/8 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/272021/06/29 1400/4/8 Yasaman Rezaie Yasaman Rezaie Mechanical Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology iran yasamanrezaie72@gmail.com Seyed Mohammad Hossein Sharifi Seyed Mohammad Hossein Sharifi Mechanical Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology iran sharifi@put.ac.ir Gholamreza Rashed Gholamreza Rashed Mechanical Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology iran g.rashed@put.ac.ir Offshore Pipelines Snake Lay Configuration High Pressure/ High Temperature Global Buckling Failure Lateral Buckling GUO, L.-P., LIU, R. and YAN, S.-W.,(2013), Global buckling behavior of submarine unburied pipelines under thermal stress, Journal of central south university, 20(7), p. 2054-2065.##CHEUK, C., WHITE, D. and BOLTON, M.,(2005), in Proceedings of the International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.##2007), in DNV-RP-F110. Hovik, Norway.##RUNDSAG, J. O., TØRNES, K., CUMMING, G., RATHBONE, A. D. and ROBERTS, C.,(2008), in Eighteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.##WANG, Z. and TANG, Y.,(2020), Antisymmetric thermal buckling triggered by dual distributed buoyancy sections, Marine Structures, 74, p. 102811.##HOBBS, R. E.,(1984), In-service buckling of heated pipelines, Journal of Transportation Engineering., 110(2), p. 175-189.##TAYLOR, N. and GAN, A. B.,(1986), Submarine pipeline buckling-imperfection studies, Thin-Walled Structures, 4(4), p. 295-323.##HONG, Z., LIU, R., LIU, W. and YAN, S.,(2015), Study on lateral buckling characteristics of a submarine pipeline with a single arch symmetric initial imperfection, Ocean engineering, 108, p. 21-32.##TIANFENG, Z. and XIANHONG, F.,(2015), Upheaval buckling solution for submarine pipelines by segmented ditching and hot water flushing, Ocean engineering, 102, p. 129-135.##WANG, Z., VAN DER HEIJDEN, G. and TANG, Y.,(2018), Analytical study of third-mode lateral thermal buckling for unburied subsea pipelines with sleeper, Engineering Structures, 168, p. 447-461.##WANG, Z., TANG, Y. and WANG, C.,(2017), Analytical solution for lateral buckling of unburied subsea pipelines with distributed buoyancy section, Ocean engineering, 146, p. 115-124.##WANG, Z., TANG, Y., ZHOU, L., ZHAO, Z. and WANG, C.,(2017), Analytical solution for controlled lateral buckling of unburied subsea pipelines, Ocean engineering, 146, p. 140-150.##WANG, L., SHI, R., YUAN, F., GUO, Z. and YU, L.,(2011), Global buckling of pipelines in the vertical plane with a soft seabed, Applied Ocean Research, 33(2), p. 130-136.##SHI, R., WANG, L., GUO, Z. and YUAN, F.,(2013), Upheaval buckling of a pipeline with prop imperfection on a plastic soft seabed, Thin-Walled Structures, 65, p. 1-6.##SHI, R. and WANG, L.,(2015), Single buoyancy load to trigger lateral buckles in pipelines on a soft seabed, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 141(5), p. 04014151.##WANG, Z., CHEN, Z., HE, Y. and LIU, H.,(2015), in The Twenty-fifth International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.##LI, Z.-G., WANG, C., HE, N. and ZHAO, D.-Y.,(2008), An overview of deepwater pipeline laying technology, China Ocean Engineering, 22(3), p. 521-532.##LIU, W. and FU, J.,(2018), in The 28th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.##GUAN, J., NYSTRO̸M, P. R. and HANSEN, H. F.,(2007), in International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. vol. 4269, p. 219-227.##MATHESON, I., CARR, M., PEEK, R., SAUNDERS, P. and GEORGE, N.,(2008), in ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, p. 67-76.##WAGSTAFF, M.,(2003), in Proceedings of the Petromin Pipeline Conference, Singapore.##PRESTON, R., DRENNAN, F. and CAMERON, C.,(1999), in The Ninth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.##RATHBONE, A., TØRNES, K., CUMMING, G., ROBERTS, C. and RUNDSAG, J.,(2008), in The Eighteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.##G. CUMMING and RATHBONE, A.,(2010), in ASME 2010 International conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering.##OBELE, I., (2013), Lateral buckling and axial walking of surface laid subsea pipeline, University of Stavanger, Norway. p.##REZAIE, Y., SHARIFI, M. H., RASHED, G. and NUMANI, F.,(2020), A parametric study of critical buckling force in snaked lay pipelines under HP/HT condition, International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, 4, p. 49-56.##LIU, Y., LI, X. and ZHOU, J.,(2013), Post-buckling studies on snaked-lay pipeline with new shape, Journal of information & computational science, 9(12), p. 3315-3324.##KARAMPOUR, H., ALBERMANI, F. and GROSS, J.,(2013), On lateral and upheaval buckling of subsea pipelines, Engineering Structures, 52, p. 317-330.##2010), in DNV-OS-F101. Hovik, Norway.##ZHANG, Y., YI, D., XIAO, Z. and HUANG, Z.,(2015), Engineering critical assessment for offshore pipelines with 3-D elliptical embedded cracks, Engineering Failure Analysis, 51(1), p. 37-54.##HIBBITT , KARLSSON and SORENSEN, (2013), ABAQUS/STANDARD. User's Guide ##and Theoretical Manual, Version 6.13.##HONG, Z., LIU, R., LIU, W. and YAN, S.,(2015), A lateral global buckling failure envelope for a high temperature and high pressure (HT/HP) submarine pipeline, Applied Ocean Research, 51, p. 117-128.## ##

Experimental and numerical analysis of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a surface piercing propeller mounted on high-speed craft 2 2 Surface piercing propellers are widely employed in high-speed crafts due to having many favorable features. These propellers operate at both submerged and semi-submerged states. In submerged state, to enhance the propeller hydrodynamic performance, the blades are usually manipulated through artificial ventilation by adding the air duct which is located at the propeller suction side. In current study, a 5-blade propeller proficiency has been studied under different operational conditions of 16 m catamaran vessel experimentally, the sea trial, and numerically using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The propeller behavior has been investigated under four sea trials while the propeller torque has been sampled at different engine states and vessel speed. The numerical study through CFD has been done to analyze the propeller behavior under different conditions, submerged and semi-submerged states. The numerical results have been validated by experimental observations. The propeller proficiency has been studied in two vessel motion stages which are pre-planing and post-planing. The results depict that the maximum torque is observed in submerged state at the last step of pre-planing mode while the engine speed is 2300 rpm. The propeller torque is reduced 10 to 16% at 2500 rpm in post-planning stage. In submerged state, the propeller proficiency is negligible at pre-planing mode. 79 91 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/182021/03/282021/04/11 1400/1/22 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/272021/06/292021/08/23 1400/6/1 Mojtaba Pakian Bushehri Mojtaba Pakian Bushehri Department of Mechanical Engineering, Persian Gulf University iran Pakianm@chmail.ir Mohammad Reza Golbahar Haghighi Mohammad Reza Golbahar Haghighi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Persian Gulf University iran golbahar@pgu.ac.ir Surface Piercing Propeller Propeller Torque and Thrust Submerged State Semi- Submerged State Computational Fluid Dynamics Olofsson, N., (1996), Force and flow characteristics of a partially submerged propeller, Chalmers University of Technology, Doctoral thesis.##Caponnetto, M., (2003), RANSE simulations of surface piercing propellers, 6th numerical towing tank symposium, Numerical Towing Tank Symposium.##Ghassemi, H., (2009), Hydrodynamic characteristics of the surface-piercing propellers for the planing craft, Journal of Marine. Sci. Appl,V. 8, p. 267-274.##Califano, A., Steen, S., (2011), Identification of ventilation regimes of a marine propeller by means of dynamic-loads analysis, Journal of Ocean Engineering, V.31(14-15), P.1600-1610.##Himei, K., (2013), Numerical analysis of unsteady open water characteristics of surface piercing propeller. 3rd international symposium on marine propulsors, Launceston, Australia.##Shi, X.Y., Zhang, L.X., Shao, X.M., (2014), Numerical study of the hydrodynamic performances of surface piercing propeller, Journal of Mech & Electric Eng, V.31(8), p. 985-990.##Alimirzazadeh, S., Roshan, S.Z., Seif, M.S., (2016), Unsteady RANS simulation of a surface piercing propeller in oblique flow. Appl Ocean Research V.56, p. 79-91.##Yari, E., Ghassemi, H., (2016), Numerical analysis of surface piercing propeller in unsteady condition and cupped effect on ventilation pattern of blade cross-section. Journal of Mar Sci Tech, V. 21, p. 501-516.##Javanmardi, N., Ghadimi, P., (2016), Hydroelastic analysis of semi-submerged propeller using simultaneous solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and linear elasticity equations. Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. V. 232, p. 199-211.##Yari, E., Ghassemi, H., (2016), The unsteady hydrodynamic characteristics of a partial submerged propeller via a RANS solver. Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, v. 14 (3), p. 111- 123.##Seyyedi, S. M., Shafaghat, R., (2016), Design Algorithm of a Free Surface Water Tunnel to Test the Surface- Piercing Propellers (SPP); Case Study Water Tunnel of Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. International Journal of Maritime Technology, v.6 , p. 19- 30##Shora, M.M., Ghassemi, H., Nowruzi, H., (2017), Using computational fluid dynamic and artificial neural networks to predict the performance and cavitation volume of a propeller under different geometrical and physical characteristics. Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, V.17 (2), p. 59- 84.##Yari, E., (2017), Time Domain Analysis of the Ventilation around the Partial Immersed Propeller Using Sliding Mesh Method. International Journal of Maritime Technology, V.7 , p. 19- 27.##Javanmardi, N., Ghadimi, P., Tavakoli, S., (2018), Probing into the effects of cavitation on hydrodynamic characteristics of surface piercing propellers through numerical modeling of oblique water entry of a thin wedge. Brodogradnja: Teorija i praksa brodogradnje i pomorske tehnike, V. 69 (2), p. 151- 168.##Seyyedi, S.M., Shafaghat, R., Gao, Z., (2018), A Review on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the SPP Concerning to the Available Experimental Data and Evaluating Regression Polynomial Functions. International Journal of Maritime Technology, V. 10 , p. 25- 35.##Yang, D., Ren, Z., Guo, Z., (2018), Numerical Analysis on the Hydrodynamic Performance of an Artificially Ventilated Surface-Piercing Propeller. Journal of Water, V. 10 (11), p. 2- 13.##Gangi Rad, R., Shafaghat, R., Yousefi, R., (2019), Numerical investigation of the immersion ratio effects on ventilation phenomenon and also the performance of a surface piercing propeller. Applied Ocean Research, V. 89, p. 251-260.##Nouroozi, H., Zeraatgar, H., (2019), A reliable simulation for hydrodynamic performance prediction of surfacepiercing propellers using URANS method. Applied Ocean Research, V. 92, 101939.##Seyyedi, S.M., Shafaghat, R., Siavoshian, M., (2019), Experimental study of immersion ratio and shaft inclination angle in the performance of a surface-piercing propeller. Journal of Mechanical Sciences, V. 10(1),p. 153-167.##Javanmard, E., Yari, E., Mehr, J.A., Mansoorzadeh, S., (2019), Hydrodynamic characteristic curves and behavior of flow around a surface-piercing propeller using computational fluid dynamics based on FVM. Applied Ocean Research V. 192, 106445.##Yari, E., Moghadam, A.B., (2020), Inclination angle effect on ventilation pattern and trailing wake formation of the partially submerged propeller. International Journal of Maritime Technology, V. 13 , p. 11- 19.##Yari, E., Moghadam, A.B., (2020), BEM applied to the cup effect on the partially submerged propeller performance prediction and ventilation pattern. Marine Engineering & Technology.##Seyyedi, S. M., Shafaghat, R., (2020), A review on the Surface-Piercing Propeller: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. V. 232, p. 1- 28.##Orca3D User Manual, 2016, Leveraging the power of Rhino for the naval architect, by DRS Technologies, Version 1.3.4.##STAR CCM+, Product Version of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 2019.1 Build 14.02.010.##STAR CCM+, User guide, 2019.1 Build 14.02.010.##Ship resistance and propulsion, Practical Estimation of propulsive power, Univercity of southamptpon.## ##

AUV Path Planning in Dynamic Cluttered Environment through the Randomized Kinodynamic Sampling-based method 2 2 Considering both kinematic and dynamic constraints (kinodynamic constraints) of an autonomous underwater vehicle in a Kinodynamic path planning algorithm in a dynamic large-scale workspace is an NP-Hard problem. Computational and time complexity of the kinodynamic path planning problem increase in the order O (n2) by increasing numbers of moving obstacles, AUV Kinodynamic constraints, degrees of freedoms, and workspace dimensions. This paper proposes a Randomized Kinodynamic Sub-optimal Planning (RKSP) algorithm for a man-portable class AUV. The proposed algorithm solves the path planning problem by applying a randomized sampling-based method to exploring and expanding in the workspace. RKSP re-plans the path to avoid collision with moving obstacles in a cluttered environment through a behavior-based method.  RKSP consists of three main components that tightly coupled together. The first component is a Randomized kinodynamic Planning (RKP) module that generates the random offspring waypoints and plans a feasible path by considering the AUV kinodynamic constraints. The second component is a Numerical Path Optimization (NPO) module that prunes the inappropriate edges of the path and reduces the computational complexity. The third component is a Local-Reactive kinodynamic (LRK) module that re-plans the local path through the neighborhood waypoints to avoid collision with moving obstacles in an unknown environment. RKSP path planning method is evaluated through the three different scenarios in a narrow passage, maze-like space and complex space. Results demonstrate the planned path by the proposed method is feasible and the AUV tracks the path appropriately and avoids collision with moving obstacles. Also, the total numbers of waypoints reduce in comparison to the conventional randomized methods and the planned path is near to the optimal. 93 105 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/182021/03/282021/04/112021/05/12 1400/2/22 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/272021/06/292021/08/232021/10/12 1400/7/20 Ehsan Taheri Ehsan Taheri Electrical Engineering Department, Malek Ashtar University of Technology iran taheri.ehsan@mut-es.ac.ir Ali Adeli Ali Adeli Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology iran aliadeli198222@gmail.com Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Kinodynamic constraints Randomized sampling-based path planning Collision avoidance with moving obstacle. W. Kazimierski, A. Sawczak, and N. Wawrzyniak, "Analysis of Graph Searching Algorithms for Route Planning in Inland Navigation," TransNav: International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 281--286, 2015.##M. P. Aghababa, "3D path planning for underwater vehicles using five evolutionary optimization algorithms avoiding static and energetic obstacles," Applied Ocean Research, vol. 38, pp. 48-62, 2012.##Y. Zhuang, S. Sharma, B. Subudhi, H. Huang, and J. Wan, "Efficient collision-free path planning for autonomous underwater vehicles in dynamic environments with a hybrid optimization algorithm," Ocean Engineering, vol. 127, pp. 190-199, 2016.##Z. Zeng, A. Lammas, K. Sammut, F. He, and Y. Tang, "Shell space decomposition based path planning for AUVs operating in a variable environment," Ocean Engineering, vol. 91, pp. 181-195, 2014.##I. Noreen, A. Khan, and Z. Habib, "Optimal path planning using RRT* based approaches: a survey and future directions," Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 97-107, 2016.##J. D. Hernández Vega, "Online path planning for autonomous underwater vehicles under motion constraints," 2017.##M. Otte, and E. Frazzoli, "RRTX: Asymptotically optimal single-query sampling-based motion planning with quick replanning," The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 797-822, 2016.##S. Karaman, and E. Frazzoli, "Incremental sampling-based algorithms for optimal motion planning," Robotics Science and Systems VI, vol. 104, no. 2, 2010.##R. Hess, R. Jerg, T. Lindeholz, D. Eck, and K. Schilling, "SRRT*-a probabilistic optimal trajectory planner for problematic area structures," IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 49, no. 30, pp. 331-336, 2016.##O. Salzman, and D. Halperin, "Asymptotically near-optimal RRT for fast, high-quality motion planning," IEEE Transactions on Robotics, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 473-483, 2016.##E. Taheri, M. H. Ferdowsi, and M. Danesh, "Fuzzy greedy RRT path planning algorithm in a complex configuration space," International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 3026-3035, 2018.##W. Wang, L. Zuo, and X. Xu, "A learning-based multi-RRT approach for robot path planning in narrow passages," Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 81-100, 2018.##Y. Dong, E. Camci, and E. Kayacan, "Faster RRT-based nonholonomic path planning in 2D building environments using skeleton-constrained path biasing," Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 387-401, 2018.##E. Taheri, M. H. Ferdowsi, and M. Danesh, "Closed-loop randomized kinodynamic path planning for an autonomous underwater vehicle," Applied Ocean Research, vol. 83, pp. 48-64, 2019.##B. Donald, P. Xavier, J. Canny, and J. Reif, "Kinodynamic motion planning," Journal of the ACM (JACM), vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 1048-1066, 1993.##S. Karaman, and E. Frazzoli, "Optimal kinodynamic motion planning using incremental sampling-based methods." pp. 7681-7687.##C.-b. Moon, and W. Chung, "Kinodynamic planner dual-tree RRT (DT-RRT) for two-wheeled mobile robots using the rapidly exploring random tree," IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1080-1090, 2014.##D. J. Webb, and J. Van Den Berg, "Kinodynamic RRT*: Asymptotically optimal motion planning for robots with linear dynamics." pp. 5054-5061.##R. Bordalba, J. M. Porta, and L. Ros, "Randomized kinodynamic planning for cable-suspended parallel robots," Cable-Driven Parallel Robots, pp. 195-206: Springer, 2018.##Q.-C. Pham, S. Caron, and Y. Nakamura, "Kinodynamic Planning in the Configuration Space via Admissible Velocity Propagation."##L. Palmieri, and K. O. Arras, "A novel RRT extend function for efficient and smooth mobile robot motion planning." pp. 205-211.##S. Yoon, D. Lee, J. Jung, and D. H. Shim, "Spline-based RRT∗ using piecewise continuous collision-checking algorithm for Car-like vehicles," Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 537-549, 2018.##S. Stoneman, and R. Lampariello, "Embedding nonlinear optimization in RRT* for optimal kinodynamic planning." pp. 3737-3744.##T. Bera, D. Ghose, and S. Suresh, "Asymptotic optimality of rapidly exploring random tree," arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.03976, 2017.##B. Sakçak, "Optimal kinodynamic planning for autonomous vehicles," 2018.##K. Hauser, and Y. Zhou, "Asymptotically optimal planning by feasible kinodynamic planning in a state-cost space," IEEE Transactions on Robotics, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1431-1443, 2016.##R. Bordalba, L. Ros, and J. M. Porta, "Kinodynamic planning on constraint manifolds," arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.07637, 2017.##M. Moll, L. Kavraki, and J. Rosell, "Randomized physics-based motion planning for grasping in cluttered and uncertain environments," IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 712-719, 2017.##M. Herrero-Collantes, and J. C. Garcia-Escartin, "Quantum random number generators," Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 015004, 2017.##M. Matsumoto, and T. Nishimura, "Mersenne twister: a 623-dimensionally equidistributed uniform pseudo-random number generator," ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS), vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 3-30, 1998.##B.-H. Jun, J.-Y. Park, F.-Y. Lee, P.-M. Lee, C.-M. Lee, K. Kim, Y.-K. Lim, and J.-H. Oh, "Development of the AUV 'ISiMI'and a free running test in an Ocean Engineering Basin," Ocean engineering, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 2-14, 2009.##T. T. J. Prestero, "Verification of a six-degree of freedom simulation model for the REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle," Massachusetts institute of technology, 2001.##E. Kim, S. Fan, N. Bose, and H. Nguyen, "Current Estimation and Path Following for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) by Using a High-gain Observer Based on an AUV Dynamic Model," International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 478-490, 2021.##A. Karmozdi, M. Hashemi, H. Salarieh, and A. Alasty, "INS-DVL navigation improvement using rotational motion dynamic model of AUV," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, no. 23, pp. 14329-14336, 2020.## ##

Power Enhancement of a Heavy-Duty Rail Diesel Engine Considering the Exhaust Gas and ancillary facilities Temperature Limitation: A Feasibility Study 2 2 One of the important features of the heavy-duty internal combustion engine is power density in such a way that the limitations created by the engine's features and accessories are the main challenges in evaluating the performance and power enhancement of advanced diesel engines. In other words, the complexity and limited performance of some of these devices do not allow the use of different power enhancement methods. Among these limitations, temperature constraints are one of the main challenges in the power enhancement process. In this study, the feasibility of increasing the power of the R43L MTU4000 heavy rail diesel engine has been considered. In this regard, the limitations of turbocharger inlet temperature as one of the basic performance challenges of the engine have been investigated using a one-dimensional simulation. For validation, the simulation results from the GT-SUITE software are compared with the experimental results. In the results section, the influence of increasing fuel mass, decreasing the compression ratio (CR), and the start of injection timing (SOI) has been investigated. The results show that by raising the fuel quantity by 5%, the power increases by about 7.6%; however, this increase in power leads to an increase in the turbocharger inlet temperature by 20K. Due to the operating limitations of various engine systems, attempts were made to control the rise of exhaust gas temperature by reducing the CR. On the other hand, reducing the CR from 18 to 15 increases the BSFC by 2.5%, but these changes in the CR do not have a significant effect on the output power. Finally, to examine the SOI timing in the enhanced engine at the maximum speed and power, different SOIs are tested and the optimal point is determined. 107 118 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/182021/03/282021/04/112021/05/122021/06/16 1400/3/26 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/272021/06/292021/08/232021/10/122021/10/26 1400/8/4 Saleh TaleshAmiri Saleh TaleshAmiri Sea-Based Energy Research Group, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology iran salehamiri997@gmail.com Rouzbeh Shafaghat Rouzbeh Shafaghat Sea-Based Energy Research Group, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology iran rshafaghat@nit.ac.ir Mostafa Mohebbi Mostafa Mohebbi Sea-Based Energy Research Group, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology iran ship_design@yahoo.com Mohammad Ali Mahdipour Mohammad Ali Mahdipour Sea-Based Energy Research Group, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology iran slehamiri@yahoo.com Mahdi Esmaeili Mahdi Esmaeili Sea-Based Energy Research Group, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology iran Mehdiesmaeili1373@gmail.com Power density Power enhancement Exhaust Gas Temperature Compression Ratio Start of Injection Timing (SOI) Gonca, G. and Y. Palaci, (2019), Performance investigation of a Diesel engine under effective efficiency-power-power density conditions. Scientia Iranica, 26(2): p. 843-855.##Chamehsara, S., S.M. Mirsalim, and M. Tajdari, (2014), Effects of fuel injection discharge curve and injection pressure on upgrading power and combustion parameters in heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research, 6(2): p. 9-21.##Shafaghat, R., S. Talesh Amiri, and O. Jahanian, (2020), Numerical Study of the Effect of Adding Water with Different Temperatures to Low-Reactivity Fuel in a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Engine. Fuel and Combustion, 13(4): p. 43-62.##Aghav, Y., Kumar, M. N., Latey, A. A., Gandhi, N., & Gokhale, N. (2012). Development of two stage turbo-charging for medium duty diesel engine of power generation application (No. 2012-28-0007). SAE Technical Paper.##Payri, F., J. Desantes, and J. Pastor, (1996), LDV measurements of the flow inside the combustion chamber of a 4-valve DI diesel engine with axisymmetric piston-bowls. Experiments in fluids, 22(2): p. 118-128.##Justham, T., Jarvis, S., Clarke, A., Garner, C. P., Hargrave, G. K., & Halliwell, N. A. (2006, July). Simultaneous study of intake and in-cylinder IC engine flow fields to provide an insight into intake induced cyclic variations. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 45, No. 1, p. 019). IOP Publishing.##Chen, Z., et al., Effect of equivalence ratio on diesel direct injection spark ignition combustion. Journal of Central South University, 2020. 27(8): p. 2338-2352.##Amano, T., S. Morimoto, and Y. Kawabata, Modeling of the effect of air/fuel ratio and temperature distribution on HCCI engines. 2001, SAE Technical Paper.##Chen, Z., Qin, T., He, T. P., & Zhu, L. J. (2020). Effect of equivalence ratio on diesel direct injection spark ignition combustion. Journal of Central South University, 27(8), 2338-2352.##Zaccardi, J. M., Pagot, A., Vangraefschepe, F., Dognin, C., & Mokhtari, S. (2009). Optimal design for a highly downsized gasoline engine (No. 2009-01-1794). SAE Technical Paper.##Parlak, A., Islamoglu, Y., Yasar, H., & Egrisogut, A. (2006). Application of artificial neural network to predict specific fuel consumption and exhaust temperature for a diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(8-9), 824-828.##Jiang, J., & Li, D. (2016). Theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation of exhaust temperature control for diesel vehicle NOx emissions reduction. Applied energy, 174, 232-244.##Bai, S., Chen, G., Sun, Q., Wang, G., & Li, G. X. (2017). Influence of active control strategies on exhaust thermal management for diesel particular filter active regeneration. Applied Thermal Engineering, 119, 297-303.##Guan, W., Pedrozo, V., Zhao, H., Ban, Z., & Lin, T. (2017). Investigation of EGR and miller cycle for NOx emissions and exhaust temperature control of a heavy-duty diesel engine (No. 2017-01-2227). SAE Technical Paper.##Huang, T., Hu, G., Meng, Z., & Zeng, D. (2021). Exhaust temperature control for safe and efficient thermal regeneration of diesel particulate filter. Applied Thermal Engineering, 189, 116747.##Mallamo, F., Badami, M., & Millo, F. (2005). Effect of compression ratio and injection pressure on emissions and fuel consumption of a small displacement common rail diesel engine (No. 2005-01-0379). SAE Technical Paper.##Funayama, Y., Nakajima, H., & Shimokawa, K. (2016). A study on the effects of a higher compression ratio in the combustion chamber on diesel engine performance (No. 2016-01-0722). SAE Technical Paper.##Awad, O. I., Mamat, R., Noor, M. M., Ibrahim, T. K., Yusri, I. M., & Yusop, A. F. (2018). The impacts of compression ratio on the performance and emissions of ice powered by oxygenated fuels: A review. Journal of the Energy Institute, 91(1), 19-32.##Hirkude, J., & Padalkar, A. S. (2014). Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio on performance and emissions of CI engine operated with waste fried oil methyl ester blend. Fuel processing technology, 128, 367-375.##Zhu, Y., Stobart, R., & Deng, J. (2010). Analysis of the impact on diesel engine fuel economy and emissions by variable compression ratio using GT-Power simulation (No. 2010-01-1113). SAE Technical Paper.##Sayin, C., & Gumus, M. (2011). Impact of compression ratio and injection parameters on the performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-blended diesel fuel. Applied thermal engineering, 31(16), 3182-3188.##Jindal, S., Nandwana, B. P., Rathore, N. S., & Vashistha, V. (2010). Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha methyl ester. Applied thermal engineering, 30(5), 442-448.##Wang, S., Karthickeyan, V., Sivakumar, E., & Lakshmikandan, M. (2020). Experimental investigation on pumpkin seed oil methyl ester blend in diesel engine with various injection pressure, injection timing and compression ratio. Fuel, 264, 116868.##Ghaedi, A., Shafaghat, R., Jahanian, O., & Hasankola, S. S. M. (2020). Comparing the performance of a CI engine after replacing the mechanical injector with a common rail solenoid injector. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 139(4), 2475-2485.##Fakhari, A. H., Shafaghat, R., Jahanian, O., Ezoji, H., & Hasankola, S. S. M. (2020). Numerical simulation of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine for investigation of performance and emission. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 139(4), 2455-2464.##Hasankola, S. S. M., Shafaghat, R., Jahanian, O., & Nikzadfar, K. (2020). An experimental investigation of the injection timing effect on the combustion phasing and emissions in reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 139(4), 2509-2516.##Jayashankara, B., & Ganesan, V. (2010). Effect of fuel injection timing and intake pressure on the performance of a DI diesel engine-A parametric study using CFD. Energy Conversion and Management, 51(10), 1835-1848.##Rosa, J. S., Martins, M. E. S., Telli, G. D., Altafini, C. R., Wander, P. R., & Rocha, L. A. O. (2020). Exploring the effects of diesel start of injection and water-in-ethanol concentration on a reactivity controlled compression ignition engine. Fuel, 281, 118751.##Ahmed, S. A., Zhou, S., Zhu, Y., Feng, Y., Malik, A., & Ahmad, N. (2019). Influence of Injection Timing on Performance and Exhaust Emission of CI Engine Fuelled with Butanol-Diesel Using a 1D GT-Power Model. Processes, 7(5), 299.##https://www.gtisoft.com/gt-suiteapplications/propulsion-systems/gt-power-engine-simulation-software/.##Prah, I., & Katrašnik, T. (2009). Application of optimization techniques to determine parameters of the vibe combustion model. Strojniški Vestn−J. Mech. Eng., 715-726.## ##

Structural Evaluation of Repair Methods on Dented Tubular Members Used in Jacket Platforms 2 2 Today, Iran's oil and gas industry requires maintenance, repair, renovation, and reconstruction methods for the existing platforms. It is essential to discuss the repair of offshore platforms since they mostly have been in service beyond their design lives and subjected to damages mentioned in the following. Furthermore, offshore platforms' increased number and service lives add to the need for the in-situ repair of offshore platforms. The most important reasons for the structural repair of offshore platforms include corrosion, fatigue, the collision of floating objects (e.g., vessels), the fall of heavy objects, and intensive storms. By considering the dent damage of platform members, which typically arise from the fall of heavy objects and the collision of floating objects, the present study investigates the damages resulting from such incidents during the operation of platforms and proposes the required repair methods. The repair methods include grouting, member replacement, mechanical clamps, and doubler plates. Once the experimental model of a dent-damaged member was validated, the repair methods were applied to the models, examining the strength of the members. The results indicated that the member strength reduced by up to nearly 40% at a dent depth as large as 0.3 of the member diameter (d=0.3D). However, the reduced strength could be compensated from 12% to about 125%, by applying the repair methods. 119 129 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/182021/03/282021/04/112021/05/122021/06/162021/08/30 1400/6/8 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/272021/06/292021/08/232021/10/122021/10/262021/10/30 1400/8/8 Seyed Mohammad Hossein Sharifi Seyed Mohammad Hossein Sharifi Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology iran sharifi@put.ac.ir Abdolrahim Taheri Abdolrahim Taheri Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology iran rahim.taheri@put.ac.ir Ehsan Karimi Pur Ehsan Karimi Pur Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology iran E.karimipour@ait.put.ac.ir Fixed Steel Platforms Dent Damage Repair Methods C. S. Smith, W. L. Somerville, J. W. Swan, and others, "Residual strength and stiffness of damaged steel bracing members," 1981.##J. A. Padula, A. Ostapenko, and others, "A load-indentation relationship for tubular members," 1991.##J. Taby and T. Moan, "Collapse and residual strength of damaged tubular members," 1985.##J. R. MacIntyre, "An analytical study of damaged tubular member behaviour.," 1993.##L. Duan, J. T. Loh, and W.-F. Chen, "Moment-curvature relationships for dented tubular sections," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 809-830, 1993.##C. P. Ellinas, "Ultimate strength of damaged tubular bracing members," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 245-259, 1984.##J. M. Ricles, W. B. Lamport, T. E. Gillum, and others, "Residual strength of damaged offshore steel tubular bracing," 1992.##J. M. Ricles, T. E. Gillum, W. B. Lamport, and others, "Grout Repair of Dent-Damaged Steel Tubular Bracing," 1993.##J. K. Paik, J. M. Lee, and D. H. Lee, "Ultimate strength of dented steel plates under axial compressive loads," International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 433-448, 2003.##S. Parsanejad, "Strength of grout-filled damaged tubular members," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 590-603, 1987.##Y. Ueda and S. M. H. Rashed, "Behavior of damaged tubular structural members," 1985.##Y. H. Mugahed Amran, R. Alyousef, R. S. M. Rashid, H. Alabduljabbar, and C.-C. Hung, "Properties and applications of FRP in strengthening RC structures: A review," Structures, vol. 16, pp. 208-238, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2018.09.008.##H. Nassiraei and P. Rezadoost, "Stress concentration factors in tubular T/Y-joints strengthened with FRP subjected to compressive load in offshore structures," International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 140, p. 105719, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105719.##A. Aeran, S. C. Siriwardane, O. Mikkelsen, and I. Langen, "A framework to assess structural integrity of ageing offshore jacket structures for life extension," Marine Structures, vol. 56, pp. 237-259, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2017.08.002.##W. M. Bruin, "Assessment of the residual strength and repair of dent-damaged offshore platform bracing," 1995.##ASTM A572, "Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel," West Conshohocken, 2018.##Nassiraei, H. (2019). Static strength of tubular T/Y-joints reinforced with collar plates at fire induced elevated temperature. Marine Structures, 67, 102635.##Nassiraei, H., Zhu, L., & Gu, C. (2021). Static capacity of collar plate reinforced tubular X-connections subjected to compressive loading: study of geometrical effects and parametric formulation. Ships and Offshore Structures, 16(1),54-69.##Nassiraei, H., & Rezadoost, P. (2021). Static capacity of tubular X-joints reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer subjected to compressive load. Engineering Structures, 236, 112041.## ##

Introduction to a New Simple Spectral EWRUC Method for the Beach Cusps Formation (Case Study; Makoran Coast) 2 2 Beach cusps are shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern. Many works are carried out to determine forming theories and effective parameters on cusps, and the standing edge wave and the self-organization theories are more acceptable. This study aims to investigate theories affecting cusps of Roudic port, located on Makoran coasts of Iran. The DHI MIKE software is used for modeling and the Madsen laboratory model is applied for the numerical-model calibration. A new method as Edge Wave and Run-up Comparison (EWRUC) is introduced, working by extracting the edge wave from energy density spectrum and comparing with run up, subsequently. This is a fast and simple (one dimensional) method for determining theory of cusp formation. Many scenarios adapted to the Roudic coast waves are based on monsoon and ocean waves. The results from EWRUC indicate that the theories of edge wave and self-organization are dominant in seasons of ocean-waves and monsoon-waves, respectively. EWRUC responses correctly to beaches that are similar to Roudic beach. 131 146 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/182021/03/282021/04/112021/05/122021/06/162021/08/302021/06/29 1400/4/8 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/272021/06/292021/08/232021/10/122021/10/262021/10/302021/11/15 1400/8/24 Mehdi Adjami Mehdi Adjami Shahrood University of Technology iran adjami@shahroodut.ac.ir Elham Zakeri Anarak Elham Zakeri Anarak Shahrood University of Technology iran elham.zakeri.a@gmail.com Amir Jabari Khameneh Amir Jabari Khameneh Shahrood University of Technology iran amir.jabarikh@shahroodut.ac.ir Ahmad Rezaee Mazyak Ahmad Rezaee Mazyak Tarbiat Modares University iran a.rezaeemazyak@modares.ac.ir Beach Cusps Edge Wave Theory Self-Organization Theory Mike 21 BW Module Roudic Coasts Benavente J, Harris DL, Austin TP, Vila-Concejo A (2011), Medium term behavior and evolution of a beach cusps system in a low energy beach, Port Stephens, NSW, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research, (64), p.170##Evans OF (1938) the classification and origin of beach cusps, The Journal of Geology, 46(4), pp.615-627.##Allen JR, Psuty NR, Bauer BO, Carter RWG (1996) A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation, Journal of Coastal Research, pp.622-629.##Hom-ma M, Sonu C (1962) Rhythmic pattern of longshore bars related to sediment characteristics, Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(8), p.16.##Sato M, Kuroki K, Shinohara T (1993) A field experiment on the formation of beach cusps, In Coastal Engineering 1992 (pp. 2205-2218).##Coco G, Huntley DA, O'Hare TJ (2000) Investigation of a self‐organization model for beach cusp formation and development, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 105(C9), pp.21991-22002.##Masselink G, Russell P, Coco G, Huntley D (2004) Test of edge wave forcing during formation of rhythmic beach morphology, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 109(C6).##Dodd N, Stoker AM, Calvete D, Sriariyawat A (2008) On beach cusp formation, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 597, pp.145-169.##Almar R, Coco G, Bryan KR, Huntley DA, Short AD, Senechal N (2008) Video observations of beach cusp morphodynamics, Marine geology, 254(3-4), pp.216-223.##Vousdoukas MI (2012) Erosion/accretion patterns and multiple beach cusp systems on a meso-tidal, steeply-sloping beach, Geomorphology, 141, pp.34-46##Poate TG, Masselink G, McCall RM, Russell PE, Davidson MA (2014) Storm-driven cusp behavior on a high energy gravel beach, Journal of Coastal Research, 70(sp1), pp.645-650.##Senechal N, Laibi RA, Almar R., Castelle B, Biausque M, Lefebvre JP, Anthony EJ, Dorel M, Chuchla R, Hounkonnou MH, Penhoat YD (2014) Observed destruction of a beach cusp system in presence of a double-coupled cusp system: the example of Grand Popo, Benin, Journal of Coastal Research, 70(sp1), pp.669-674.##Komar PD (1973) Observations of beach cusps at Mono Lake, California, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84(11), pp.3593-3600.##https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1973)842.0.CO;2##Dean RG, Maurmeyer EM (1980) Beach cusps at point reyes and drakes bay beaches, California, In Coastal Engineering 1980 (pp. 863-884).##Inman DL, Guza RT (1982) the origin of swash cusps on beaches, Marine Geology, 49(1-2), pp.133-148.##Masselink G, Pattiaratchi CB (1998) Morphological evolution of beach cusps and associated swash circulation patterns, Marine Geology, 146(1-4), pp.93-113.##Williams Z (2010) Localized Generation of Low Frequency Swash Motion through Chaotic Swash Front Interactions, University of North Carolina Wilmington.##Pruszak Z, Rozynski G, Szmytkiewicz P (2008) Megascale rhythmic shoreline forms on a beach with multiple bars, Oceanologia, 50(2), pp.183-203.##Garnier R, Ortega-Sánchez M, Losada MA, Falqués A, Dodd N (2010) Beach cusps and inner surf zone processes: growth or destruction? A case study of Trafalgar Beach (Cádiz, Spain), Scientia Marina, 74(3), pp.539-553.##Birrien F, Castelle B, Dailloux D, Marieu V, Rihouey D, Price T (2013) Video observation of megacusp evolution along a high-energy engineered sandy beach: Anglet, SW France, Journal of Coastal Research, 65(sp2), pp.1727-1732.##Otvos Jr EG (1964) Observation of beach cusp and beach ridge formation on the Long Island Sound, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 34(3).##Holland KT (1995) Foreshore dynamics: Swash motions and topographic interactions on natural beaches.##Sánchez M, Fachin S, Sancho F, Losada MA (2008) Relation between beachface morphology and wave climate at Trafalgar beach (Cádiz, Spain), Geomorphology, 99(1-4), pp.171-185.##Antia EE (1989) Beach cusps and beach dynamics: a quantitative field appraisal, Coastal engineering, 13(3), pp.263-272.##Longuet-Higgins MS, Parkin DW (1962) Sea waves and beach cusps, The Geographical Journal, 128(2), pp.194-201.##Idier D, Falqués A, Ruessink BG, Garnier R (2011) Shoreline instability under low‐angle wave incidence, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116(F4).##Ciriano Y, Coco G, Bryan KR, Elgar S (2005) Field observations of swash zone infragravity motions and beach cusp evolution, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 110(C2).##Guza RT, Inman DL (1975) Edge waves and beach cusps, Journal of Geophysical Research, 80(21), pp.2997-3012.##Werner BT, Fink TM (1993) Beach cusps as self-organized patterns, Science, 260(5110), pp.968-971.##Sriariyawat A (2010) Formation and evolution of beach cusps, Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham.##Zakeri anarak E, Adjami M, Rezaei A (2017) Numerical and analytical modeling of beach cusps formation and evolution (case study; Roudic port), Shahrood, Iran, MSc Thesis in Coasts ports and marine structures.##Masselink G, Hegge BJ, Pattiaratchi CB (1997) Beach cusp morphodynamics, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The Journal of the British Geomorphological Group, 22(12), pp.1139-1155.##https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199712)22:123.0.CO;2-1##Coco G, O'Hare TJ, Huntley DA (1999) Beach cusps: a comparison of data and theories for their formation, Journal of Coastal Research, pp.741-749.##Van Gaalen JF (2011) Alternative Statistical Methods for Analyzing Geological Phenomena: Bridging the Gap Between Scientific Disciplines, University of South Florida.##Kaneko A (1985) Formation of beach cusps in a wave tank, Coastal Engineering, 9(1), pp.81-98.##Mangor K (2004) Shoreline management guidelines, DHI Water & Environment.##PMO report (2017) ICZM report. Ministry of roads and urban development of I.R.Iran.##MIKE21. BW. Manual, DHI MIKE ( 2014).##Madsen PA, Sørensen OR, Schäffer HA (1997) Surf zone dynamics simulated by a Boussinesq type model. Part I. Model description and cross-shore motion of regular waves, Coastal Engineering, 32(4), pp.255-287.##Mase H (1994) Uprush-backrush interaction dominated and long wave dominated swash oscillations, In Int. Symp. Waves-Physical and Numerical Modeling Proc. UBC, Vancouver (pp. 316-325).##Nielsen AW, Simonsen HJ (2002) Analysis of Near Field in Front of a Piston Wavemaker and MIKE 21 BW's Handling of Surfzone, Polytechnical Midway Project, MEK, DTU.## ##

Numerical modeling of armour type and arrangement effects on wave overtopping at rubble mound breakwater 2 2 The wave overtopping phenomenon at rubble mound breakwaters is one of the most important issues during the past few years and always plays a unique role in the design process of such structures. Most modeling studies in the overtopping measurment have been based on experimental methods and numerical modeling of wave overtopping from porous breakwater with pre-fabricated armour layer, under irregular waves has been less investigated. In this study, FLOW-3D software was used to calculate overtopping discharge. To assess the accuracy of software results, first, for three of modeled wave heights in the laboratory, numerical modeling was performed and the comparison between numerical and experimental overtopping results showed about 15% error which is acceptable considering the differences between numerical and experimental modeling characteristics, errors and uncertainty in numerical modeling. In the following, numerical modeling for concrete pre-fabricated Xbloc, Antifer, and Tetrapad armour units with different arrangements has been performed. The comparison between results shows that the Antifer armours have the least overtopping and the regular arrangement of Xbloc has the most. 147 155 2020/11/132020/07/212020/08/222021/02/112021/02/182021/03/282021/04/112021/05/122021/06/162021/08/302021/06/292021/09/4 1400/6/13 2021/02/242021/03/62021/03/62021/06/192021/06/272021/06/292021/08/232021/10/122021/10/262021/10/302021/11/152021/12/5 1400/9/14 Ali Ghasemi Ali Ghasemi Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom iran ghasemi.ali89@gmail.com Rouhollah Amirabadi Rouhollah Amirabadi Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom iran r.amirabadi@qom.ac.ir Ulrich Reza Kamalin Ulrich Reza Kamalin Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom iran ur.Kamalian@gmail.com Ahmad Rezaee Mazyak Ahmad Rezaee Mazyak Tarbiat Modares University iran ahmadrezaee2010@gmail.com Rubble mound breakwater pre-fabricated armour units overtopping FLOW-3D software A.Farhadzadeh, M.shafee far, "Analytical study of existing models for measuring wave overtopping in coastal structures". 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