Numerical and experimental investigation of the hydrodynamic Lift and Drag coefficients of a solar-powered AUV in near-surface mode 2 2 To obtain the hydrodynamic forces acting on a solar-powered AUV, and to investigate the effects of the free surface, a model of this type of vessel was simulated in ANSYS FLUENT 18 commercial software. To validate the data, a vessel with a scale of 1: 1 compatible with the installation of photovoltaic panels was built and tested in the towing tank of the National Iranian Marine Laboratory (NIMALA). The standard k-ε model and multi-block mesh were used to simulate the three-dimensional unsteady viscous flow around these cases: individual struts, the body without struts, and the body with struts. Three depth-to-diameter ratios ( h d =3.6 , 4.5 , 5.2 ) and six Froude numbers in the range of 0.06 ~ 0.35, equivalent to the Reynolds range 2.4×10 05 to 1.4× 10 06 , were used to obtain lift and drag coefficients. The findings of this study were used to create a solar AUV. The maximum percentage of struts contribution in the total resistance force is 62 percent. The generated resistance effect, caused by struts and their attachment to the body, also plays a significant role. According to the current study data for the analyzed model, its maximum value is around 41 percent. 1 14 2023/02/15 1401/11/26 2023/04/17 1402/1/28 Ehsan Asadi Asrami Ehsan Asadi Asrami Azad university of Takestan IRAN easadiasrami@gmail.com Mohammad Moonesun Mohammad Moonesun Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering IRAN m.moonesun@gmail.com solar AUV hydrodynamic coefficients CFD towing tank Russell B. Wynn ,Veerle A.I. Huvenne Veerle A.I.HuvenneaTimothy P.Le BasaBramley J.MurtonaDouglas, P.ConnellyaBrian, J.BettaHenry, A.RuhlaKirsty J.MorrisaJeffrey, PeakallbDaniel, R.ParsonscEsther, J.SumnerdStephen, E.DarbyeRobert, M.DorrellbJames, E.Hunta, (June 2014) Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): Their past, present and future contributions to the advancement of marine geoscience Marine Geology, Volume 352, 1, Pages 451-468.##Patch A. David, (2000) A Solar Energy System for Long-Term Deployment of AUV's International Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Symposium.##Jalbert J, Baker J, Duchesney J, (2004) Solar- Powered Autonomous Under Water Vehicle Development Falmouth Scientific, Inc.##Ageev. MD, D.R. Blidberg, J. Jalbert, C.J. Melchin., (2002) Results of the evaluation and testing of the solar powered AUV and its subsystems Conference: Autonomous Underwater Vehicles.##Blidberg, D. Richard, Chappell, Steven, Jalbert, James C, (July 5-7, 2004) Long endurance sampling of the ocean with solar powered AUV's 5th IFAC/EURON Symposium on Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboan, Portugal.##Denise M. Crimmins, Christopher T. Patty, Michael A. Beliard, John Baker, James C. Jalbert, Rick J. Komerska, Steven G. Chappell, D. Richard Blidberg.(2006) Long-Endurance Test Results of the Solar-Powered AUV System Conference: OCEANS.##Razmjoo.Ali, Mohammad Ghadimi, Mehrzad Shams, Hoseyn Shirmohammadi,(October 2015), Design and Built a Research AUV Solar Light Weight International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages: 268-274.##Polish,C.,Ranmuthugala,D.,Duffy,J. andRenilson,M.,(2011) Characterisation of near surface effects acting on an underwater vehicle within the vertical plane, Australian Maritime College.##Neulist, D, (2011), Experimental Investigation into the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Submarine Operating Near the Free Surface, Australian Maritime College, Launceston.##Salari.Mahmoud, Rava.Amin, (2017) Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic flow over an AUV moving in the water-surface vicinity considering the laminar-turbulent transition Journal of Marine Science and Application##Javanmard.E, Mansoorzadeh. Sh. (2019) A Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation on the Drag Coefficient Measurement of an AUV in a Towing Tank Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics.##Asadi Asrami. E, Moonesun. M, Azizi Abi. F, (2021) CFD and Experimental Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Solar AUV CAMES, 28, doi: 10.24423/cames.301 ONLINE FIRST March 18.##Mohammad Moonesun, Ehsan Asadi Asrami, Julia Bodnarchuk (2021) Hydrodynamic Analysis on the Body of a Solar Autonomous Underwater Vehicle by Numerical Method World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.##Mohammad Moonesun, Firouz Ghasemzadeh, Yuri Korol, Valeri Nikrasov, Alexi Yastreba, Alexander Ursolov, Asghar Mahdian, (2016) Technical Notes on the Near Surface Experiments of Submerged Submarine INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARITIME TECHNOLOGY.##Ariful Hoque. Md, Mashud Karim, Aevelina Rahman (2017) Simulation of Water Wave Generated by Shallowly Submerged Asymmetric Hydrofoil Procedia Engineering.##Mashud Karim.Md., BijoyPrasad, NasifRahman. (2014) Numerical simulation of free surface water wave for the flow around NACA 0015 hydrofoil using the volume of fluid (VOF) method Ocean Engineering.##Prasad.Bijoy, Takanori Hino, Kazuo Suzuki. (2015) Numerical simulation of free surface flows around shallowly submerged hydrofoil by OpenFOAM Ocean Engineering.##Roddy.Robert.F. (September 1990) Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of Several Configurations of the DARPA SUBOFF Model (DTRC MODEL 5470) from Captive-Model Experiment.##Divsalar.K. (2019) Improving the hydrodynamic performance of the SUBOFF bare hull model: a CFD approach Acta Mechanica Sinica.##Hirt, C.W, Nichols,B.D, (1981) Volumeof fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries J.Comput.Phy.39(1),201–225.##Azcueta R, (2003) Steady and unsteady RANSE simulations for planning craft. FAST: the 7th international conference on Fast Sea transportation. Ischia, Italy##De Luca F, Mancini S,Miranda S, Pensa C (2016) An extended verification and validation study of CFD simulations for planing hulls. J Ship Res 60(2):101–118.## ##

Calculation of Hydrodynamics Resistance Coefficient of Diver by CFD Method at Free Surface Condition 2 2 The aim of the present study is calculation of the resistance and resistance coefficient of a diver on the water surface and near surface. The results of this article are useful for designing different types of water scooters. This study uses a computational fluid dynamics methodology by considering the effects of free surface. SST K-ω turbulent model is implemented in the Star-CCM+ application and is applied to the flow around a three-dimensional bare hull of an adult human. Three common swimming positions are considered: a ventral position with the arms extended at the front, a ventral position with the arms placed alongside the trunk and a ventral position with one arm extended at the front and another arm placed alongside the trunk. The flow velocities between 0.5 and 2.25m/s with increasing step of 0.25m/s are considered in the simulations which are typical speed of swimmers. According to the resistance coefficient vs Froude number diagrams, submerged diving with two hands alongside the trunk is produces lower resistance. Also, resistance in near surface swimming is lower than surface swimming in lowest speeds. But in higher speeds, that changes and resistance in surface swimming is lower than the other. The results of this research can be used for designing all types of marine propulsion vehicles, water scooter, and all swimming thrusters. 15 24 2023/02/152023/04/8 1402/1/19 2023/04/172023/06/5 1402/3/15 Nima Khanmoradi Nima Khanmoradi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. IRAN nimakhanmoradi.edu@gmail.com Mohammad Moonesun Mohammad Moonesun 2Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Shahrood University, Shahrood, Iran. IRAN m.moonesun@gmail.com Sara Jafari Horestani Sara Jafari Horestani Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. IRAN sara1995jafari@gmail.com human body diver resistance swimmer resistance CFD resistance coefficient free surface simulation Khanmoradi, N., Moonesun, M., Jafari, H. S., (Under Revision). Calculation of Hydrodynamics Resistance Coefficient of Diver by CFD Method. Journal of Hydraulic and Water Engineering.##Bixler, B., Pease, D., & Fairhurst, F. (2007). The accuracy of computational fluid dynamics analysis of the passive drag of a male swimmer. Sports biomechanics, 6(1), 81-98.##Costa, L. C., Ribeiro, J., Marinho, D., Mantha, V., Vilas-Boas, J., Fernandes, R. J., ... & Machado, L. (2011). Comparing computational fluid dynamics and inverse dynamics methodologies to assess passive drag during swimming gliding. In ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.##Chatard, J. C., Lavoie, J. M., Bourgoin, B., & Lacour, J. R. (1990). The contribution of passive drag as a determinant of swimming performance. International journal of sports medicine, 11(05), 367-372.##D'Acquisto, M. A. (1988). Breaststroke economy, skill and performance study of breaststroke mechanics, using a computer based" Velocity. Video" system. Zentrum f. Wissenschaftsinformation, Körperkultur u. Sport.##Lyttle, A. D., Blanksby, B. A., Elliott, B. C., & Lloyd, D. G. (1998). The effect of depth and velocity on drag during the streamlined glide. Journal of Swimming Research, 13.##Counsilman, J. E. (1955). Forces in swimming two types of crawl stroke. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 26(2), 127-139.##Kolmogorov, S. V., Rumyantseva, O. A., Gordon, B. J., & Cappaert, J. M. (1997). Hydrodynamic characteristics of competitive swimmers of different genders and performance levels. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 13(1), 88-97.##Lyttle, A. D., Blanksby, B. A., Elliott, B. C., & Lloyd, D. G. (2000). Net forces during tethered simulation of underwater streamlined gliding and kicking techniques of the freestyle turn. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(10), 801-807.##Toussaint, H. M., Roos, P. E., & Kolmogorov, S. (2004). The determination of drag in front crawl swimming. Journal of biomechanics, 37(11), 1655-1663.##Vilas-Boas, J. P., Costa, L., Fernandes, R. J., Ribeiro, J., Figueiredo, P., Marinho, D., ... & Machado, L. (2010). Determination of the drag coefficient during the first and second gliding positions of the breaststroke underwater stroke. Journal of applied biomechanics, 26(3), 324-331.##Zaidi, H., Taiar, R., Fohanno, S., & Polidori, G. (2008). Analysis of the effect of swimmer's head position on swimming performance using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(6), 1350-1358.##Marinho, D. A., Reis, V. M., Alves, F. B., Vilas-Boas, J. P., Machado, L., Silva, A. J., & Rouboa, A. I. (2009). Hydrodynamic drag during gliding in swimming. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 25(3), 253-257.##Mollendorf, J. C., ALBERT C TERMIN, I. I., Oppenheim, E. R. I. C., & Pendergast, D. R. (2004). Effect of swim suit design on passive drag. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(6), 1029-1035.##Novais, M., Silva, A., Mantha, V., Ramos, R., Rouboa, A., Vilas-Boas, J., ... & Marinho, D. (2012). The effect of depth on drag during the streamlined glide: A three-dimensional CFD analysis. Journal of human kinetics, 33(2012), 55-62.##Liu, Y., Yu, Z., Zhang, L., Liu, T., Feng, D., & Zhang, J. (2021). A fine drag coefficient model for hull shape of underwater vehicles. Ocean Engineering, 236, 109361.##Moonesun, M., Ghasemzadeh, F., Korol, Y., Nikrasov, V., Yastreba, A., Ursolov, A., & Mahdian, A. (2016). Technical notes on the near surface experiments of submerged submarine. International Journal of Maritime Technology, 5, 41-54.##Moonesun, M., Korol, Y., & Dalayeli, H. (2015). CFD analysis on the bare hull form of submarines for minimizing the resistance. International Journal of Maritime Technology, 3, 1-16.##dive-hurghada. (n. d.). PADI Diver Propulsion Vehicle Specialty (Scooter). https://www.dive-hurghada.com/prices/padi-scuba-diving-courses/padi-diver-propulsion-vehicle-specialty##finish-tackle. (n. d.). product. https://finish-tackle.com/product/magicjet-scooter/##Moreira, A., Rouboa, A., Silva, A. J., Sousa, L., Marinho, D., Alves, F., ... & Machado, L. (2006). Computational analysis of the turbulent flow around a cylinder. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences, 6(1), 105.##Jiskoot, J., & Clarys, J. P. (1975). Body resistance on and under the water surface. Swimming II, 2, 105-109.## ##

Evaluation of Seismic behavior of damaged offshore jacket platform under the environmental condition 2 2 Most of the fixed offshore platforms in the Persian Gulf have survived more than 25-year design life and have suffered from significant damages in this period. Seismic acceleration modifications and changes in seismic criteria of API-2EQ-2014 increase the importance of seismic assessment of the offshore platforms in the Persian Gulf. This paper presents a case study for modeling and evaluating the seismic behavior of an existing damaged fixed offshore platform in the Persian Gulf with consideration of actual structural damages as per provided subsea inspection reports and comparing with the intact condition of the platform to obtain the effect of assessment initiators like; actual damages and increased spectral acceleration as per API2EQ 2014 in the structural integrity of the fixed offshore platforms under the seismic loads in Persian gulf. Following the actual jacket inspection reports, Excessive corrosion, flooding of some members, marine growth, and anode wastage are the significant damages on this platform. Spectral nonlinear and static-dynamic analysis with SACS12.00 software considering the pile-soil interaction in the three following scenarios have been performed to verify structural seismic assessment. The first scenario contains a damaged platform with a lighter topside, the second scenario is a damaged platform with a heavier topside, and the third one includes the intact platform with initial design assumptions and criteria. The evaluation of the structure in three parts of the jacket members, joints, and piles has been done under the ALE & ELE earthquake levels. According to the results, jacket legs have the significant effect on the structural seismic strength. In abnormal level earthquake, the first plasticization occurs in the deck legs which are connected to the topside and the piles below the seabed. The comparison of the RSR values indicates that the initial assumption in platform design criteria has been stringent and uneconomical in the past. Also, the actual presented damages do not have much effect on the seismic strength of the structure. A Comparison of the Joint and member capacity illustrates a more significant impact of uniform corrosion on joint capacity than member strength. Finally; buckling in the deck legs at the splash zone and yielding in the Piles near the sea bed causes the global collapse of the structure. 25 39 2023/02/152023/04/82022/08/26 1401/6/4 2023/04/172023/06/52023/07/8 1402/4/17 amirreza zafarjoo amirreza zafarjoo Marine structure at Petro Darya Energy Co. (PDE) IRAN a.zafarjo@petrodaryaenergy.com Ruhollah Amirabadi Ruhollah Amirabadi assistance professor in University of Qom IRAN r.amirabadi@qom.ac.ir assessment seismic jacket fixed platform offshore offshore platforms American Petroleum Institute API-RP2SIM. 2014. Structural Integrity Management of fixed offshore structures. 22nd Edition.##American Petroleum Institute API-RPA 2007. Seismic Design Procedures and Criteria for Offshore Structures. 21st Edition.##Petroleum and natural gas industries - Specific requirements for offshore structures - Part 2: Seismic design procedures and criteria.ISO19001-2.##American Petroleum Institute API-RP2EQ 2014. Seismic Design Procedures and Criteria for Offshore Structures. 22nd Edition.##Bea, R.G. (1974). Selection of Environmental Criteria for Offshore Platform Design. Journal of Petroleum Technology. Spe 4452. Nov 1974.shell oil co.##Bea, RG. Litton RW., S.Nour-Omid, and J.Y.Chang, PMB Systems Engineering. (1984). A Specialized Design and Research Tool for the Modeling of Near-Field Pile-Soil Interactions. Annual Ote in Houston, Texas.otc 4806.##Manuel, L., Schmucker D.G., Cornell, C.A . Carballo. J.E. (1998), A reliability-based design format for jacket platforms under wave loads. Marine Structures 11 (1998) 413}428.##Nichols N.W., Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd; Goh T.K., Petronas Research & Scientific Services Sdn Bhd; and H. Bahar. (2006), Managing Structural Integrity for Aging Platform. SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition held in Adelaide, Australia, September 2006.##Karimi,H.R., Shahni KaramZadeh,N., Rabei Golami, E. (2017), Effect of elevational and member damage on jacket strength: Sensitivity and reliability review of South Pars phase-20 jacket, using push-over analysis. Ocean Engineering.1010-16.##Zeinoddini M.,, Golpour. H., Khalili, H., (2013), structural integrity assessment of aging fixed steel offshore jacket platforms: A Persian Gulf Case Study, Proceedings of the ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2013 June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France##Ishwarya., S., Arockiasamy. M., and Senthil., R., (2016), Inelastic Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Fixed Jacket-Type Offshore Platform with Different Bracing Systems Considering Soil-Structure Interaction. Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 6 (2016) 241-254 Doi 10.17265/2159-5879/2016.04.006.##Yang Yanga., Xuhua Yinga., Bixin Guoa., Zheng Heb., (2017), Collapse safety reserve of jacket offshore platforms subjected to rare intense earthquakes. Ocean Engineering 131 (2017) 36-47.##Zeinoddini M., Golpour. H., Khalili, H., Nikoo. H., Ahmadi, I,.]]., (2017), Sensitivity Analysis of Selected Random Variables of Existing Offshore Jacket Structures in Persian Gulf. International Journal of coastal & offshore engineering IJCOE no. 5/ winter 2017 (15-24).##Erfani,. H., Tabeshpour., M.R., Sayadi., H., (2019)., Capacity Evaluation of Ressalat Jacket of Persian Gulf Considering Proper Finite Element Modeling of Tubular Members. International Journal of coastal & offshore engineering IJCOE vol.3/no. 2/summer 2019 (55-63)##Energo Engineering Inc., (2007), Assessment of Fixed Offshore Platform Performance in Hurricanes Andrew, Katrina and Rita. Prepared for: U.S. Department of the Interior Mineral Management Service. Engineering and Research Branch. May.##Energo Engineering Inc., (2010), Assessment of Fixed Offshore Platform Performance in Hurricanes Andrew, Gustav and Ike. Prepared for: U.S. Department of the Interior Mineral Management Service. Engineering and Research Branch. May.##Under Water Inspection of R1 Platform. Dulam LTD 2001.##R1-Renewed Drilling Platform" Structural Assessment Basis and Criteria. OPLI-RSL-R1RNDP-SP-1001-Rev. 2. 2013.##Geotechnical investigations R1 complex reconstruction and renovation project. XP23. December 2004.##SACS Software User Manual 2012.## ##

Studying the Impact of Blockchain Technology on Maritime Trade with Focusing on Identifying and Prioritizing the Underlying Factors for its Adoption in Iran’s Maritime Trade 2 2 Blockchain is a novel and disruptive technology that has the potential to transform the current international business and trade processes that rely on traditional intermediaries. It is a distributed ledger that verifies and records transactions using a peer-to-peer network over time in a sequence of blocks, secured by cryptographic functions that are complex, immutable and tamper-proof. International maritime trade, which is the main mode of global transportation, expects to change its business model by adopting blockchain, which enables a decentralized architecture of international transactions without intermediaries and facilitates paperless trade. Moreover, blockchain aims to address the problems and inefficiencies that plague maritime trade. However, there are key factors that influence the adoption of blockchain in maritime trade that need to be investigated in order to successfully implement this technology in the future. This study examined the impact of blockchain technology on maritime trade and identified the factors affecting its acceptance in Iranian maritime trade using the research background, literature review and interviews with experts who were PMO managers. These factors were validated by the Delphi method and then categorized and prioritized using the theoretical framework of technology, organization, environment (TOE) and analytical hierarchy process. The results indicated that “blockchain benefits” in the “technology” dimension, “human resource capability” in the “organization” dimension and “government support and policy” in the “environment” dimension were ranked first. These findings could assist the stakeholders in Iran’s maritime trade, such as ports, customs, government agencies, and transportation logistics companies, in developing strategies for the successful adoption and advancement of blockchain and enhancing their organizational competitiveness. 40 51 2023/02/152023/04/82022/08/262022/02/27 1400/12/8 2023/04/172023/06/52023/07/82023/10/16 1402/7/24 Mehran Sabz Gashtasebi Mehran Sabz Gashtasebi Department of Maritime transportation, Faculty of Economics and Management, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khoramshahr, Iran IRAN msh.sgpi@gmail.com Homayoun Yousefi Homayoun Yousefi Associate Professor, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology - Khorramshahr , Iran IRAN homayounyousefi@yahoo.com mohammad amin kouhbor mohammad amin kouhbor Assistance Professor, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology IRAN aminkuhbor@yahoo.com Blockchain disruptive technology maritime trade paperless trade distributed ledger ahp Brilliantova, Vlada & Thurner, Thomas Wolfgang, 2019. "Blockchain and the future of energy," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 57(C),##Allison, I. (2016), "Shipping giant Maersk tests blockchain-powered bill of lading", International Business Times,##Park, T. (2018), "Blockchain Is About to Revolutionize the Shipping Industry",##Allison, I. (2017), "Maersk and IBM want 10 million shipping containers on the global supply blockchain by year-end", International Business Times, 8 March 2017##Chang, S., Chen, Y., & Lu, M. (2019). Supply chain re-engineering using blockchain technology: A case of smart contract based tracking process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 1-11.##Microsoft. 2018. "How Blockchain will Transform the Modern Supply Chain".##Johnson, M. E. 2006. "Supply Chain Management: Technology, Globalization, and Policy at a Crossroads." Interfaces 36 (3): 191-193##Lambert, D. M., and M. G. Enz. 2017. "Issues in Supply Chain Management: Progress and Potential." Industrial Marketing Management 62 (Supplement C): 1-16##Bustillos, M. (2013), "The Bitcoin Boom", The New Yorker, 1 April 2013.##Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf##Deloitte (2018), Blockchain, legal implications, questions, opportunities and risks, Deloitte Legal, March 2018##Reed Smith. 2016. "Electronic Bills of Lading: Another Step Forward!" Reed Smith. https://www.reedsmith.com/en/perspectives/2016/01/electronic-bills-of-lading-another-step forward##Dubovec, M. 2005. "The Problems and Possibilities for Using Electronic Bills of Lading as Collateral." Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law 23: 437##Seatrade. 2018b. "Where the Digital and Physical World's Meet the Biggest Risk for Blockchain." Seatrade Maritime News. http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/where-the-digital-and-physicalworld-s-meet-the-biggest-risk-for-blockchain.html##Kshetri, N. (2018). 1 Blockchain's roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. Int. J. Inf. Manag., 39, 80-89.##Shankar, R., Gupta, R., & Pathak, D. (2018). Modeling critical success factors of traceability for food logistics system. Transportation Research Part E-logistics and Transportation Review, 119, 205-222.##Wu, I., Chuang, C., & Hsu, C. (2014). Information sharing and collaborative behaviors in enabling supply chain performance: A social exchange perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 148, 122-132.##Kavussanos, Manolis & Tsouknidis, Dimitris. (2011). Default Risk Drivers in Shipping Bank Loans.##Martin, D. 2017. Key Business Drivers and Opportunities in Cross-Border Ecommerce. Amsterdam: Payvision.##Yuan, Y., and F. Y. Wang. 2016. "Blockchain: The State of the Art and Future Trends." Zidonghua Xuebao/ActaAutomatica Sinica 42 (4): 481-494.##Nath, I. 2016. "Data Exchange Platform to Fight Insurance Fraud on Blockchain." In Proceedings of 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), Barcelona, Spain: IEEE, 821-825. doi:10.1109/ICDMW.2016.0121##Püttgen, F., and M. Kaulartz. 2017. "Insurance 4.0: Use of Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts in the Insurance Sector." ERA Forum 18 (2): 249-262. doi:10.1007/s12027-0170479-y##Tornatzky, L. G., Fleischer, M., & Chakrabarti, A. K. (1990). Processes of technological innovation: Lexington books.##Al-Jaroodi, J., & Mohamed, N. (2019). Blockchain in Industries: A Survey. IEEE Access, 7, 36500-36515.##Hughes, D.L., Dwivedi, Y.K., Misra, S., Rana, N.P., Raghavan, V., & Akella, V. (2019). Blockchain research, practice and policy: Applications, benefits, limitations, emerging research themes and research agenda. Int. J. Inf. Manag., 49, 114-129.##Schuetz, S., Venkatesh, V., 2019. Blockchain, adoption, and financial inclusion in India: Research opportunities. Int. J. Inf. Manage.##Queiroz, M., & Wamba, S. (2019). Blockchain adoption challenges in supply chain: An empirical investigation of the main drivers in India and the USA. Int. J. Inf. Manag., 46, 70-82.##Lindman, J., Tuunainen, V. K., & Rossi, M. (2017). Opportunities and risks of Blockchain Technologies-a research agenda##Morkunas, V.J., Paschen, J., & Boon, E. (2019). How blockchain technologies impact your business model. Business Horizons, 62, 295-306.##Nilashi, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahani, A., Ravangard, R., & Ibrahim, O. (2016). Determining the importance of Hospital Information System adoption factors using Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 111, 244-264.##Jonathan Q. Morgan (2012) Regional clusters and jobs for inner city workers: the case of transportation, distribution, and logistics, Community Development,##Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S., Roubaud, D., Wamba, S., Giannakis, M., & Foropon, C.R. (2019). Big data analytics and organizational culture as complements to swift trust and collaborative performance in the humanitarian supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 210, 120-136.##Dai, Jing & Chan, Hing & Yee, Rachel. (2018). Examining moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between market pressure and corporate environmental strategy. Industrial Marketing Management. 74.##Min, H. (2019). Blockchain technology for enhancing supply chain resilience. Business Horizons, 62, 35-45.##Angelis, J., & Silva, E.H. (2019). Blockchain adoption: A value driver perspective. Business Horizons, 62, 307-314.##Montecchi, M., Plangger, K., & Etter, M. (2019). It's real, trust me! Establishing supply chain provenance using blockchain. Business Horizons, 62, 283-293.##Wang, Y., Singgih, M., Wang, J., & Rit, M. (2019). Making sense of blockchain technology: How will it transform supply chains? International Journal of Production Economics, 211, 221-236.##Kosow, H., & Gassner, R.J. (2008). Methods of Future and Scenario Analysis: Overview, Assessment, and Selection Criteria.##Schmidt, RC. (1997). 'Managing Delphi surveys using nonparametric statistical techniques,'Decision Sciences, 28, (3), 763-774.##Saaty, T.L., and Aczel, J., 1983, On synthesizing judgments, Journal of Math. Psychology,##Brilliantova, Vlada & Thurner, Thomas Wolfgang, 2019. "Blockchain and the future of energy," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 57(C),##Allison, I. (2016), "Shipping giant Maersk tests blockchain-powered bill of lading", International Business Times,##Park, T. (2018), "Blockchain Is About to Revolutionize the Shipping Industry",##Allison, I. (2017), "Maersk and IBM want 10 million shipping containers on the global supply blockchain by year-end", International Business Times, 8 March 2017##Chang, S., Chen, Y., & Lu, M. (2019). Supply chain re-engineering using blockchain technology: A case of smart contract based tracking process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 1-11.##Microsoft. 2018. "How Blockchain will Transform the Modern Supply Chain".##Johnson, M. E. 2006. "Supply Chain Management: Technology, Globalization, and Policy at a Crossroads." Interfaces 36 (3): 191-193##Lambert, D. M., and M. G. Enz. 2017. "Issues in Supply Chain Management: Progress and Potential." Industrial Marketing Management 62 (Supplement C): 1-16##Bustillos, M. (2013), "The Bitcoin Boom", The New Yorker, 1 April 2013.##Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf##Deloitte (2018), Blockchain, legal implications, questions, opportunities and risks, Deloitte Legal, March 2018##Reed Smith. 2016. "Electronic Bills of Lading: Another Step Forward!" Reed Smith. https://www.reedsmith.com/en/perspectives/2016/01/electronic-bills-of-lading-another-step forward##Dubovec, M. 2005. "The Problems and Possibilities for Using Electronic Bills of Lading as Collateral." Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law 23: 437##Seatrade. 2018b. "Where the Digital and Physical World's Meet the Biggest Risk for Blockchain." Seatrade Maritime News. http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/where-the-digital-and-physicalworld-s-meet-the-biggest-risk-for-blockchain.html##Kshetri, N. (2018). 1 Blockchain's roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. Int. J. Inf. Manag., 39, 80-89.##Shankar, R., Gupta, R., & Pathak, D. (2018). Modeling critical success factors of traceability for food logistics system. Transportation Research Part E-logistics and Transportation Review, 119, 205-222.##Wu, I., Chuang, C., & Hsu, C. (2014). 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Modelling and Forecasting Yield Volatility of Baltic Exchange Dry Index 2 2 Purpose – Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is shipping freight-cost index which is reported daily by Baltic Exchange. The index is a benchmark for the prices of ship chartering contracts which is a proxy for the maritime economy, BDI is heavily used by financial traders to predict the world economy, the volatility forecast has an important implication for all the investors and hence in this paper the daily forecast performance of different models is evaluated. Research methodology – The daily forecast performance of conditional and unconditional volatility of 12 long memory GARCH-type models based on the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is evaluated. Because all return series were skewed and fat-tailed, each conditional volatility model was estimated under a skewed Student distribution. Findings – According to the idea that the accuracy of Value-at-Risk (VaR) estimates was sensitive to the adequacy of the volatility model used, the result showed that the 250-day moving average models, exponential smoothing, and (component GARCH) CGARCH function better than other models based on RMSE standard. The results of hybrid models such as Dibold-Mariano statistics showed that there was no significant difference between the predictive power of 250 days moving average (MA250) and CGARCH. Practical implications – BDI was widely regarded as a benchmark for the world economy by traders and hedge fund managers. Originality/Value – we examine the science of volatility prediction in BDI which has not been performed before. 52 57 2023/02/152023/04/82022/08/262022/02/272022/02/9 1400/11/20 2023/04/172023/06/52023/07/82023/10/162023/11/5 1402/8/14 Kasra Pourkermani Kasra Pourkermani Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology IRAN mailkasra@gmail.com Conditional volatility unconditional volatility GARCH Baltic Exchange Dry Index YANG, R., et al.,(2020), Big data analytics for financial Market volatility forecast based on support vector machine, International Journal of Information Management, 50, p. 452-462.##VIDAL, A. and KRISTJANPOLLER, W.,(2020), Gold volatility prediction using a CNN-LSTM approach, Expert Systems with Applications, 157, p. 113481.##IMO, (2018), Financial Report and Audited Financial Statements, International Maritime Organization, Dec##ENGLE, ROBERT F, (1982). "Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 987-1007, July.##BOLLERSLEV, TIM, (1986), Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), p. 307-327, https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:econom:v:31:y:1986:i:3:p:307-327.##ENGLE, R. F., LEDOIT, O. and WOLF, M.,(2019), Large dynamic covariance matrices, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 37(2), p. 363-375.##BOLLERSLEV, T., MEDDAHI, N. and NYAWA, S.,(2019), High-dimensional multivariate realized volatility estimation, Journal of Econometrics, 212(1), p. 116-136.##ADHIKARY, A. and BORA, B.,(2020), in AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing, vol. 2273.##PAGAN, A.R., and G.W. SCHWERT (1990) Alternative models for conditional models for conditional stock volatility, Journal of Econometrics, 45, 1-2, 267-290.##BHOWMIK, R. and WANG, S.,(2020), Stock market volatility and return analysis: A systematic literature review, Entropy, 22(5), p. 522.##POURKERMANI, K. (2023) "Time Charter or Trip Charter? An Assessment of Market Efficiency in Shipping Market", Transactions on Maritime Science. Split, Croatia, 12(1). doi: 10.7225/toms.v12.n01.010.##POURKERMANI, K., (2022), Modeling the symmetric relation between Baltic Exchange indexes, Maritime Business Review, 8 (3), p. 225-237.##ZHU, S., LIU, Q., WANG, Y., WEI, Y. and WEI, G.,(2019), Which fear index matters for predicting US stock market volatilities: Text-counts or option based measurement?, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 536, p. 122567.##ANJUM, H. and MALIK, F.,(2020), Forecasting risk in the US Dollar exchange rate under volatility shifts, The north american journal of economics and finance, 54, p. 101257.##STYANINGSIH, F.,(2020), Forecasting of Unmet Needs Percentage in East Java Province Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (Arima) Method, J. Biometrika dan Kependud, 9 (1), p. 53.##ENDRI, E., ABIDIN, Z., SIMANJUNTAK, T. P. and NURHAYATI, I.,(2020), Indonesian stock market volatility: GARCH model, Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 16(2), p. 7-17.##ACEREDA SERRANO, B., LEÓN VALLE, Á. M. and MORA-LÓPEZ, J.,(Estimating the expected shortfall of cryptocurrencies: An evaluation based on backtesting.##TINTÓ-MOLINER, A. and MARTIN, M.,(2020), Quantitative weight of evidence method for combining predictions of quantitative structure-activity relationship models, SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 31(4), p. 261-279.##YANG, R., et al.,(2020), Big data analytics for financial Market volatility forecast based on support vector machine, International Journal of Information Management, 50, p. 452-462.##VIDAL, A. and KRISTJANPOLLER, W.,(2020), Gold volatility prediction using a CNN-LSTM approach, Expert Systems with Applications, 157, p. 113481.##IMO, (2018), Financial Report and Audited Financial Statements, International Maritime Organization, Dec##ENGLE, ROBERT F, (1982). "Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 987-1007, July.##BOLLERSLEV, TIM, (1986), Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), p. 307-327, https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:econom:v:31:y:1986:i:3:p:307-327.##ENGLE, R. F., LEDOIT, O. and WOLF, M.,(2019), Large dynamic covariance matrices, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 37(2), p. 363-375.##BOLLERSLEV, T., MEDDAHI, N. and NYAWA, S.,(2019), High-dimensional multivariate realized volatility estimation, Journal of Econometrics, 212(1), p. 116-136.##ADHIKARY, A. and BORA, B.,(2020), in AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing, vol. 2273.##PAGAN, A.R., and G.W. SCHWERT (1990) Alternative models for conditional models for conditional stock volatility, Journal of Econometrics, 45, 1-2, 267-290.##BHOWMIK, R. and WANG, S.,(2020), Stock market volatility and return analysis: A systematic literature review, Entropy, 22(5), p. 522.##POURKERMANI, K. (2023) "Time Charter or Trip Charter? An Assessment of Market Efficiency in Shipping Market", Transactions on Maritime Science. Split, Croatia, 12(1). doi: 10.7225/toms.v12.n01.010.##POURKERMANI, K., (2022), Modeling the symmetric relation between Baltic Exchange indexes, Maritime Business Review, 8 (3), p. 225-237.##ZHU, S., LIU, Q., WANG, Y., WEI, Y. and WEI, G.,(2019), Which fear index matters for predicting US stock market volatilities: Text-counts or option based measurement?, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 536, p. 122567.##ANJUM, H. and MALIK, F.,(2020), Forecasting risk in the US Dollar exchange rate under volatility shifts, The north american journal of economics and finance, 54, p. 101257.##STYANINGSIH, F.,(2020), Forecasting of Unmet Needs Percentage in East Java Province Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (Arima) Method, J. Biometrika dan Kependud, 9 (1), p. 53.##ENDRI, E., ABIDIN, Z., SIMANJUNTAK, T. P. and NURHAYATI, I.,(2020), Indonesian stock market volatility: GARCH model, Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 16(2), p. 7-17.##ACEREDA SERRANO, B., LEÓN VALLE, Á. M. and MORA-LÓPEZ, J.,(Estimating the expected shortfall of cryptocurrencies: An evaluation based on backtesting.##TINTÓ-MOLINER, A. and MARTIN, M.,(2020), Quantitative weight of evidence method for combining predictions of quantitative structure-activity relationship models, SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 31(4), p. 261-279.## ##

Eulerian-Lagrangian Study of Bubble Collision on Pressure Distribution due to Cloud Cavitation Collapse 2 2 In this study, to numerically investigate the consequence of bubble collision on the pressure distribution due to cavitation collapse, the bubble behavior around NACA0015 2D hydrofoil has been simulated using the Eulerian-Lagrangian perspective. Macroscopic examination of the cavitation flow was determined by the homogeneous mixture model (Eulerian method) and the bubble motion path based on the applied forces using Newton's second law and the development of numerical code (Lagrange method). Bubble oscillations were obtained from the modified Rayleigh-Plesset-Keller-Herring equation. To study the effect of bubbles colliding (bubble with wall and bubble with the bubble), the model of vertical elastic forces and vertical and tangential viscosities used by Heitkam et al. To pair the obtained results and solve them, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with variable time step has been used, which has increased the data solving speed up to 10 times. From the Keller& Kolodner relationship, a pressure wave emitted from the collapse of a spherical bubble and the model of Soyama et al, the total energy of the cavitation-induced shocks, which is the result of the accumulation of all the shocks on each other, is obtained. The results showed that the effects of increasing the radius by decreasing the cavitation number are the same, when the bubble colliding with the wall is applied and when it is not and by decreasing the cavitation number, the bubble growth rate increases, and by increasing the bubble radius, the erosion intensity increases. The process of bubble growth starts earlier in the case of collision with the wall than in the case in which the collision did not occur, therefore, the cavitation number has little effect in this case and is related to the impact effects. The result of the impact of the bubble on the wall and the bubble with the bubble reduces the maximum radius compared to the case where the effect of the impact is not considered and also reduces the amount of erosion. The possible place of erosion is located at the end of the cavitation cavity, and possible damage can be prevented by strengthening this place. The results were compared with other published works and had acceptable accuracy. 58 69 2023/02/152023/04/82022/08/262022/02/272022/02/92021/12/24 1400/10/3 2023/04/172023/06/52023/07/82023/10/162023/11/52023/06/28 1402/4/7 ali Katoozi ali Katoozi Master of Science Candidate, Mechanical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, IRAN katoozi.a@gmail.com miralam mahdi miralam mahdi Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, IRAN m.mahdi@sru.ac.ir Bubble collision Cavitation flow Erosion intensity Eulerian-Lagrangian method Bubble dynamics Wang, Q.X., Y. 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E - Stat Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 82, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.82.016316.##Heitkam, Sommer, A.E. and Drenckhan, W., (2017), A simple collision model for small bubbles, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, doi:10.1088/1361-648X/aa56fc.##Ochiai, N., (2009), Numerical Prediction of Cavitation Erosion in Cavitating Flow, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cavitation CAV2009, Paper No. 67.##Plesset, M.S. and Prosperetti, A., (1977), Bubble Dynamics and Cavitation, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.9(1), p.145-185, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.fl.09.010177.001045.##Prosperetti, A., and Lezzi, A., (1986), Bubble Dynamics in a Compressible Liquid, J. Fluid Mech.168, p.457-478 DOI: 10.1017/S0022112086000460.##Maxey, M. R., (1983), Equation of Motion for a Small Rigid Sphere in a Nonuniform Flow, Phys.Fluids.26(4), p.883 DOI: 10.1063/1.864230.##Haberman, W. L. and Morton, R. K., (1953), An Experimental Investigation of the Drag and Shape of Air Bubbles Rising in Various Liquids, Navy Dep. 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