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Adapting Semi-Empirical Ship Vibration Analysis: A Hybrid ML Approach to Generalized Vibration Prediction 2 2 In marine engineering, ship vibration analysis is crucial for ensuring structural integrity, operational safety, and environmental sustainability. Traditional analysis, following classical paradigms established by early contributors such as Todd, Kumai, and Schlick, relies primarily on costly simulations and empirical tests. This study seeks to overcome these limitations by integrating machine learning (ML) methodologies with semi-empirical models to develop a predictive hybrid model, thereby advancing vibration analysis toward a data-driven paradigm. The research is significant for improving ship design, mitigating vibration-related risks, and reducing reliance on resource-intensive approaches, aligning with global efforts to promote energy-efficient and sustainable maritime operations. The proposed hybrid model combines Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR), leveraging RF’s capacity for modeling nonlinear relationships and LR’s interpretability for linear adjustments. Trained on Kumai’s seminal dataset and validated on 373 cases spanning 34 ship types, the model accurately predicts critical parameters (α, τ₂, N₂, N₃, and c̄) with exceptional precision. Performance metrics demonstrate strong results, including near-perfect R² values (0.9938 for α) and minimal MSE (0.0000 for α, 0.0701 for N₃). Natural frequency predictions exhibit less than 3% error, as validated against empirical data for crude oil tankers. Feature importance analysis identifies structural parameters (length, displacement, block coefficient) as key predictors, enhancing interpretability for engineering applications. This work bridges the gap between classical vibration theory and modern ML, offering a cost-effective, scalable alternative to conventional simulations. By enabling precise vibration predictions across diverse vessels, the model facilitates predictive maintenance, design optimization, and operational safety. The findings highlight the transformative potential of hybrid ML in maritime engineering, paving the way for digital twins and sustainability-driven ship design. 1 10 2025/05/27 1404/3/6 2025/08/11 1404/5/20 Kimia Nazarizadeh Kimia Nazarizadeh Mechanical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology ایران nzryzadhkymya@gmail.com Hashem Nowruzi Hashem Nowruzi Mechanical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology ایران h.nowruzi@nit.ac.ir Hybrid Machine Learning Random Forest Logistic Regression Ship Vibrations Predictive Maintenance Ahmadi, F., Rahbar-Ranji, A., & Nowruzi, H. (2023). Estimation of ultimate shear strength of one-side corroded plates with cracks by FEM and ANNs. 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Integrating Systems Thinking into Resilient Infrastructure Design: A Case Study on the Shahid Rajaee Port Explosion 2 2 Robust critical infrastructure resilience is imperative for sustaining economic stability, national security, and societal well-being amid escalating multi-hazard threats. This study analyzes the process of designing resilient critical infrastructure through a comprehensive hybrid methodology, employing the logical framework of observation-assertion-argument. Meaningful integration of systemic thinking with core resilience indicators is achieved via synthesis of prior research and the developed hybrid approach. Empirical observation of the 2025 Shahid Rajaee Port explosion (70 fatalities, $198M losses) exposed systemic vulnerabilities within Iran’s International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), demonstrating that conventional redundancy measures failed to prevent service disruption during cascading failures. Shahid Beheshti Port’s role as Rajaee’s backup—sustaining INSTC operations—confirms that critical infrastructure resilience requires proportional capacity distribution across port networks and hazard-diversified risk management. We assert that true resilience necessitates intelligent redundancy harmonizing three pillars: inherent capacity (applying ecological adaptability principles to infrastructure), correlation-centric component design (mapping dynamic interdependencies), and stakeholder-driven self-organization. This is evidenced by the Rajaee incident, where centralized control exacerbated fire propagation, and further validated by seismic exposure analysis: despite Chabahar’s limited throughput, strategic enhancement of this sustainably developed port can mitigate future operational collapse at Rajaee. We argue that operationalizing resilience requires: (1) converting strategic policies into technical metrics (e.g., chaos-theoretic container handling capacity dispersion and multi-hazard contingency planning), (2) embedding modular metabolic flexibility to absorb localized shocks, and (3) institutionalizing learning loops through distributed adaptive control nuclei to complete critical infrastructure self-organization cycles. This study confirms that only integrated correlation-aware redundancy—not isolated backups—aligns socio-economic-environmental performance with sustainability across hazard cycles. 11 34 2025/05/272025/03/1 1403/12/11 2025/08/112025/08/23 1404/6/1 seyed morteza marashian seyed morteza marashian Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Qom. ایران m.marashian@stu.qom.ac.ir Ruhollah Amirabadi Ruhollah Amirabadi Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Qom. ایران r.amirabadi@qom.ac.ir Mehdi Adjami Mehdi Adjami Assistant Professor, Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood. ایران adjami@shahroodut.ac.ir Dynamic Resilience Critical Infrastructure System Performance Levels Inherent Resilience Component Interconnectivity Self-Organization Sustainability Backup Port INSTC. Quenault, B. (2015). 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Arab News. 4 May 2025. Archived from the original on 29 April 2025.##'The fire at Shahid Rajaee port has been extinguished'. Fars News Agency (in Persian). 27 April 2025.##'Latest status of the explosion in the Shahid Rajaee port area + video'. Fars News Agency (in Persian). 26 April 2025.##'The death toll from the Bandar Abbas incident has risen to 18 / Three days of public mourning declared in Hormozgan province'. Islamic Republic News Agency (in Persian). 27 April 2025.##'Urgent; Permission for the first ship to dock after the incident at Shahid Rajaee port has been issued'. KhabarOnline News Agency (in Persian). 27 April 2025.##"Iran oil port explosion: Massive blast rocks Shahid Rajaee Port in Bandar Abbas". The Economic Times. India. 26 April 2025. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 26 April 2025. Retrieved 27 April 2025.##"A massive explosion at an Iranian port linked to missile fuel shipment kills 8, injures around 750". AP News. 26 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.##"Latest details on the massive explosion at Shahid Rajaee port / Increase in the number of injured + video and photos". Donya-e-Eqtesad Agency (in Persian). 26 April 2025.##'Video: Roof collapse at Shahid Rajaee port administrative building on top of employees'. MashreghNews Agency (in Persian). 26 April 2025.##'A massive explosion occurred in western Bandar Abbas'. Fars News Agency (in Persian). 27 April 2025.## ##

Performance Analysis of Ports Based on the Concepts of Risk, Resilience, Reliability, and Sustainability with a Special Focus on Shahid Rajaee Port 2 2 Resilient and sustainable port infrastructures are vital in addressing the growing complexities and uncertainties of modern maritime systems. This study emphasizes the necessity of an integrated understanding of four interrelated concepts (risk, resilience, reliability, and sustainability) in the context of port planning and operations. Despite the abundance of research on each of these dimensions individually, a comprehensive framework that effectively combines them for practical decision-making in port environments remains underdeveloped. Through a conceptual and comparative analysis, this research proposes a cohesive approach to these four dimensions and applies it in a case study of Shahid Rajaee Port, one of the most significant ports in southern Iran. The study identifies key deficiencies in current operational practices and recommends strategic solutions, including the integration of multimodal transport systems, implementation of IoT-based monitoring technologies, and employment of skilled and experienced personnel. A SWOT analysis is employed to assess internal and external factors influencing port performance, and tailored strategies are proposed to enhance long-term resilience and promote sustainable development. This integrated approach offers a comprehensive framework to support decision-making in port management under both environmental and human-induced risks.   35 45 2025/05/272025/03/12025/06/12 1404/3/22 2025/08/112025/08/232025/08/31 1404/6/9 YASAMIN HASANI ASYABDAREH YASAMIN HASANI ASYABDAREH PhD Student at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Marine Structures, Tarbiat Modares University. ایران YHASANIASIYABDAREH139@gmail.com hassan akbari hassan akbari Associate Professor at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University ایران H.AKBARI@modares.ac.ir Reliability Risk Resiliency Social and Economical Sustainability Environmental Sustainability Port Planning and Management SWOT Analysis IAPH. Risk and Resilience - Guidelines for ports. international association of ports and harbors. 2023.##Hein C, Schubert D. Resilience, Disaster, and Rebuilding in Modern Port Cities. Journal of Urban History. 2020; 47(2): 235-249. 10.1177/0096144220925097##ISO31000. Risk management - Guidelines. ISO. 2018.##Rezaei F, Yarmohammadian MH, Haghshenas A, Fallah A, Ferdosi M. Revised Risk Priority Number in Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Model from the Perspective of Healthcare System. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2018; 9(1): 1-8. 10.4103/2008-7802.224046##Wu X, Wu J. The Risk Priority Number Evaluation of FMEA Analysis Based on Random Uncertainty and Fuzzy Uncertainty. Complexity. 2021; 1: 1-15. 10.1155/2021/8817667##Marashian SM, Amirabadi R, Adjami M. Resilience: Conceptual Analysis of Cognitive Development and Operational Requirements in Coastal Infrastructure. J of Marine Eng. 2025; 21(45): 105-116.##Holling CS. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 1973; 4(1): 1-23.##Masselink G, Lazarus ED. Defining Coastal Resilience. Water. 2020; 11(12): 1-21. 10.3390/w11122587##UNCTAD. Building Capacity to Manage Risks and Enhance Resilience. UNCTAD. 2025.##Kim S, Choi S, Kim C. The Framework for Measuring Port Resilience in Korean Port Case. Sustainability. 2021; 13(21): 1-20. 10.3390/su132111883##Linkov I, Palma-Oliveira M. Resilience and Risk- Methods and Application in Environment, Cyber and Social Domains. in NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security (NAPSC), Springer. 2017. 10.1007/978-94-024-1123-2##Maglaras L. From Mean Time to Failure to Mean Time to Attack/Compromise: Incorporating Reliability into Cybersecurity. Computers. 2022; 11(11): 1-4. 10.3390/computers11110159##Asadabadi A, Miller-Hooks E. Maritime port network resiliency and reliability through co-opetition. Transportation Research Part E. 2020; 137:1-12. 10.1016/j.tre.2020.101916##Bali M, Karimaei Tabarestani M, Jandaghi M. Design of rubble mound breakwater's stability based on reliability analysis and risk assessment- Case study: Noshahr Port. Iranian journal of Marine Technology. 2017; 4(2): 53-63.##Shafieezadeh A, Burden LI. Scenario-based resilience assessment framework for critical infrastructure systems: Case study for seismic resilience of seaports. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. 2014: 132; 207-219. 10.1016/j.ress.2014.07.021##Paliou C, Shimozuka M, Chen YN. Reliability and Durability of Marine Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering. 1987##113(6). 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:6(1297)##Rosca E, Raicu S, Rosca MA, Rusca FV. Risks and Reliability Assessment in Maritime Port Logistics. Advanced Materials Research. 2014; 1036: 963-968. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1036.963##Thoft-Christensen P, Baker MJ. Structural Reliability Theory and Its Applications. Springer; 1982.##Pecht M. Prognostics and Health Management of Electronics. Springer; 2009. /10.1002/9780470061626.shm118##Hasani Asyabdareh Y, Shafieefar M. Nature-Based Coastal Engineering: A Review of Breakwater and Coastal Protection Performance Toward Environmental Sustainability. Journal of Amphibious Science and Technology. 2025. (Accepted for publication)##Lin Z, Minerva S. Assessing Coastal Vulnerability and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Natural Habitats in Enhancing Coastal Resilience: A Case Study in Shanghai, China. Sustainability. 2024; 16(609): 1-23. 10.3390/su16020609##Santos TA. Sustainable Port Operations: Pollution Prevention and Mitigation Strategies. Sustainability. 2025; 17(11): 1-23. 210.3390/su17114798##Alamoush AS, Ballini F, Ölçer AI. Revisiting port sustainability as a foundation for the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Journal of Shipping and Trade. 2021; 6(19): 1-40. 10.1186/s41072-021-00101-6##Boyke C, Lazuardi SD, Nur HI, Ardhi EW. Sustainability in Port Development: Strategies for Environmental, Economic, and Social Resilience. 2025 IOP conference series: earth and environmental science. 10.1088/1755-1315/1461/1/012021##UNCTAD. Presentation of the Review of Maritime Transport 2022. UNCTAD, Geneva, 2022.##Development, UN Office for Sustainable. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 2015.##Chytis E, Eriotis N, Mitroulia M. ESG in Business Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of risk and financial management. 2024; 17(10): 1-25. 10.3390/jrfm17100460##Hormozgan, Management and Planning Organization. Crisis Management Report of the Shahid Rajaee Port Incident in Bandar Abbas and Preliminary Damage Assessment of Affected Facilities and Infrastructure. Ministry of Interior (Hormozgan Governorate) and Presidential Administration (Plan and Budget Organization of Iran - Hormozgan Management and Planning Organization). 2025.##Adjami M. Requirements for Designing Technological and Human-Centered Governance in Ports: A Case Study of the Shahid Rajaee Port Disaster. Saramad Economy Newspaper. 2025.##Alahyari E, Eidani M. Identification and Prioritization of Factors Affecting the Marketing of Shahid Rajaee Port Using the SWOT Analysis Method. 2016 18th Marine Industries Conference, Kish Island, Hormozgan. 2016.##Alahyari E. Effective Strategies on Operationalising Dry Ports in Iran by SWOT Model. Journal of Marine Science and Technology. 2020; 19(1): 68-79. 10.22113/jmst.2018.113912.2103##Sebt MH, Khalilianpoor AH, Bagheri Q, Dehkordi ER. SWOT Analysis on Marine Transport Companies of Iran: a case Study. AUT Journal of Civil Engineering. 2018; 2(2): 153-160. 10.22060/AJCE.2018.12319.5167## ##

Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of Modular Chain-Type Floating Docks for High-Speed Boat Operations in Semi-Enclosed Port Basins: A Multi-Body Simulation Approach using ANSYS AQWA 2 2 This study investigates the hydrodynamic performance of modular, chain-type floating docks designed for high-speed boat deployment within the operational zone of Shahid Bahonar Port. Given the limitations of fixed dock infrastructure—particularly in regions with soft seabeds and tidal variations—floating docks offer a flexible, cost-effective alternative. A modular pontoon system was designed using CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS AQWA under various wave conditions (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°). Comparative simulations between single-body and multi-body configurations revealed that multi-hull docks significantly reduce vertical displacement and better distribute wave-induced forces, especially at connection points. Time-domain analyses further confirmed that joint stiffness and orientation strongly influence structural response. Elastic mooring systems enhanced the dock’s adaptability to dynamic sea conditions while minimizing environmental impact. These findings support the development of resilient floating marine structures tailored to the hydrodynamic conditions of semi-enclosed ports like Shahid Bahonar, with implications for both defense and commercial applications in high-salinity environments. 46 60 2025/05/272025/03/12025/06/122025/05/31 1404/3/10 2025/08/112025/08/232025/08/312025/09/3 1404/6/12 Seyed Reza Samaei Seyed Reza Samaei Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; samaei@srbiau.ac.ir ایران samaei@srbiau.ac.ir Mohammad Asadian Ghahfarokhi Mohammad Asadian Ghahfarokhi Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; m.asadian@srbiau.ac.ir ایران m.asadian@srbiau.ac.ir Multi-hull floating docks hydrodynamic analysis Response Amplitude Operators (RAO) Hydrodynamic Behavior High-speed Boats. Zhang, J., Ong, M. C., & Wen, X. (2024). Dynamic and structural analyses of floating dock operations considering dock-vessel coupling loads. Ocean Engineering, 310(Part 1), Article 118622.##Liang, J. M., Liu, Y., Chen, Y. K., & Li, A. J. (2022). Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of the box-type floating breakwater with different mooring configurations. Ocean Engineering, 254, Article 111296.##Gran, V. A., Jiang, Z., & Pan, Z. (2020). Hydrodynamic analysis of floating docks with alternative geometries for floating wind turbine installation. In Proceedings of the ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (Vol. 6A: Ocean Engineering, Article V06AT06A057). ASME.##Song, J., Imani, H., Yue, J., & Yang, S. (2023). Hydrodynamic characteristics of floating photovoltaic systems under ocean loads. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(9), Article 1813.##Al-Sairafi, F. A., Zhang, J., Jiang, C., Almansour, A. I., & Saleh, B. (2024). Enhancing hydrodynamic performance of floating breakwaters using wing plates. Water, 16(13), Article 1779.##Wan, C., Niu, Y., Yang, C., & Johanning, L. (2024). Hydrodynamic performance of a hybrid floating power dock combining multi-cantilever type buoys. Marine Energy Research, 1(1), Article 10005.##Li, Y., Ren, N., Li, X., & Ou, J. (2022). Hydrodynamic analysis of a novel modular floating structure system integrated with floating artificial reefs and wave energy converters. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(8), Article 1091.##Takeuchi, T., Utsunomiya, T., Gotoh, K., & Sato, I. (2019). Quantitative wear estimation for mooring chain of floating structures and its validation. In Proceedings of the ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASME.##Li, Y. W., Ren, N. X., Cai, W. Y., et al. (2024). Experimental investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of a modular floating structure system integrated with WEC-type floating artificial reefs. China Ocean Engineering, 38, 1082-1090.##Xu, D. L., Zhang, H. C., Xia, S. Y., et al. (2018). Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a multi-module floating airport with rigid-flexible connections. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 30, 815-827.##Xu, K., Larsen, K., Shao, Y., Zhang, M., Gao, Z., & Moan, T. (2021). Design and comparative analysis of alternative mooring systems for floating wind turbines in shallow water with emphasis on ultimate limit state design. Ocean Engineering, 219, Article 108377.##Nazligul, Y. E., & Yazir, D. (2023). Comparison of automated mooring systems against existing mooring systems by using the IF-TOPSIS method. Ocean Engineering, 285(Part 2), Article 115269.##Perkovič, M. (2024). Advances in navigability and mooring. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(9), Article 1601.##Sirigu, S. A., Bonfanti, M., Begovic, E., Bertorello, C., Dafnakis, P., Giorgi, G., Bracco, G., & Mattiazzo, G. (2020). Experimental investigation of the mooring system of a wave energy converter in operating and extreme wave conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(3), Article 180.##Hennø, E., & Schøyen, H. (2024). A lean approach to comparing the mooring systems of Suezmax tankers. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 29, 956-974.##Ni, X. Y., Cheng, X. M., Wu, B., et al. (2021). Performance analysis of the mooring system of a two-module scientific research and demonstration platform. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 33, 901-914.##Samaei, S. R., Hassanabad, M. G., Ghahfarrokhi, M. A., & Ketabdari, M. J. (2021). Numerical and experimental investigation of damage in environmentally-sensitive civil structures using modal strain energy (case study: LPG wharf). International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18, 1939-1952.##Samaei, S. R., Azarsina, F., & Ghahferokhi, M. A. (2016). Numerical simulation of floating pontoon breakwater with ANSYS AQWA software and validation of the results with laboratory data. Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 85, 1487-1499.##Samaei, S. R., & Hassanabad, M. G. (2024). The crucial interplay of seas, marine industries, and artificial intelligence in sustainable development. Eighth International Conference on Technology Development in Oil, Gas, Refining and Petrochemicals.##Samaei, S. R., & Ghodsi Hassanabad, M. (2023). The transformative role of artificial intelligence in engineering sciences with an emphasis on civil engineering and marine industries. The Second International Conference on Creative Achievements of Architecture, Urban Planning, Civil Engineering and Environment in the Sustainable Development of the Middle East, Mashhad. Retrieved from https://civilica.com/doc/1893048##Samaei, S. R., & Ghodsi Hassanabad, M. (2022). Damage location and intensity detection in tripod jacket substructure of wind turbine using improved modal strain energy and genetic algorithm. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 9(4), 182-202.##Samaei, S. R., Ghodsi Hassanabad, M., Asadian Ghahfarrokhi, M., & Ketabdari, M. J. (2021). Numerical and experimental study to identify the location and severity of damage at the pier using the improved modal strain energy method-Case study: Pars Asaluyeh LPG export pier. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 8(Special Issue 3), 162-179.##Samaei, S. R., Ghodsi Hassanabad, M., Asadian Ghahfarrokhi, M., & Ketabdari, M. J. (2020). Structural health monitoring of offshore structures using a modified modal strain energy method (case study: four-leg jacket substructure of an offshore wind turbine). Journal of Marine Engineering, 16(32), 119-130.##Samaei, S. R., Ghodsi Hassanabad, M., & Karimpor Zahraei, A. (2021). Identification of location and severity of damages in the offshore wind turbine tripod platform by improved modal strain energy method. Analysis of Structure and Earthquake, 18(3), 51-62.##Samaei, S. R., Ghodsi Hassanabad, M., Asadian Ghahfarrokhi, M., & Ketabdari, M. J. (2021). Investigation of location and severity of damage in four-legged offshore wind turbine stencil infrastructure by improved modal strain energy method. Analysis of Structure and Earthquake, 17(3), 79-90## ##

A comprehensive review of air purification technologies in submarine atmospheres 2 2 Maintaining a precisely controlled atmospheric environment is paramount for optimizing the operational effectiveness and survivability of military submarines. Early submarines operated with rudimentary atmospheric management, severely limiting submerged endurance. However, the escalating demands of naval warfare, particularly during and following World War I, catalyzed the development of progressively sophisticated air revitalization systems. These advancements enabled extended submerged operations, a key tactical advantage. The advent of nuclear-powered submarines marked a watershed moment, revolutionizing atmospheric control by eliminating the reliance on atmospheric oxygen for propulsion. This technological leap not only transformed submarine propulsion but also spurred the development of highly advanced air purification systems, subsequently influencing conventional diesel-electric submarine designs. More recently, the emergence of air-independent propulsion (AIP) submarines has further underscored the critical importance of efficient and reliable air revitalization, as these platforms strive for prolonged submerged durations. This comprehensive review examines the historical evolution of air purification methods in military submarines, specifically focusing on the pivotal technological advancements that have enabled extended submerged operations and significantly enhanced crew survivability. It highlights the development and refinement of key technologies, including electrochemical and chemical oxygen generation, advanced carbon dioxide removal techniques such as amine scrubbing and solid sorbents, and sophisticated contaminant control strategies utilizing catalytic converters and filtration systems. This review also explores how these advancements have been seamlessly integrated into both nuclear and AIP submarine platforms, detailing the unique challenges and solutions associated with each.   61 71 2025/05/272025/03/12025/06/122025/05/312025/07/6 1404/4/15 2025/08/112025/08/232025/08/312025/09/32025/09/23 1404/7/1 Kianoosh Salek Kianoosh Salek Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran ایران kiaengsalek@yahoo.com Tahere Taghizade Firozjaee Tahere Taghizade Firozjaee Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran ایران t.taghizade@shahroodut.ac.ir Air purification Pollution Submarine Atmosphere control Environment SHRIVASTAVA, A. K. and RAO, M.,(1987), Environment in submarine compartments, Defense Sci. J, Vol.37(2), p. 257.##NAIR, A. N., ANAND, P., GEORGE, A. and MONDAL, N.,(2022), A review of strategies and their effectiveness in reducing indoor airborne transmission and improving indoor air quality, Environmental Research, Vol 213, p. 113579.##WEI, G., et al.,(2022), A review and comparison of the indoor air quality requirements in selected building standards and certifications, Building and Environment, Vol 226, p. 109709.##BRALEWSKA, K., ROGULA-KOZŁOWSKA, W. and BRALEWSKI, A.,(2022), Indoor air quality in sports center: Assessment of gaseous pollutants, Building and Environment, Vol. 208, p. 108589.##THAKUR, A. K. and PATEL, S.,(2023), Indoor air quality in Urban India: current status, research gap, and the way forward, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Vol. 10(12), p. 1146-1158.##KÜNN, S., PALACIOS, J. and PESTEL, N.,(2023), Indoor air quality and strategic decision making, Management Science, Vol. 69(9), p. 5354-5377.##COMPTON-HALL, R.,(1999), The submarine pioneers, Sutton publishing.##HAY, M. F. (1917), Secrets of the Submarine, Dodd, Mead.##MAZUREK, W.,(1998), Current submarine atmosphere control technology, Life Support & Biosphere Science,Vol.5(3), p. 279-285.##MAZUREK, W., (2005), in Air quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces, Eds, Springer, p. 351-382.##KENNA, M. E. and KENNA, J. C.,(1973), Published Portraits of Anthropologists and Workers in Allied Fields, Current Anthropology, Vol. 14(1/2), p. 83-101.##VUREK, G., WARNOCK, D. and CORSEY, R.,(1975), Measurement of picomole amounts of carbon dioxide by calorimetry, Analytical Chemistry, 47(4), p. 765-767.##DIAMOND, D., LUNN, M. and BOLLAN, H., (2001), Royal Navy Submarine Air Purification-Current and Future, SAE Technical Paper.##ABBATIELLO, J. J., (2004), British naval aviation and the anti-submarine campaign, 1917-18, King's College London (University of London). p.##WYATT, B., STEVENSON, M. R., GILBERT, W., and PATTULLO, J. G. 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(2024), Oceans, Seas, Shorelines and Warfare, Routledge.##DENOLA, G., KIBBY, J., HANHELA, P., GAN, T.-H. and MAZUREK, W.,(2010), Occupational exposure to airborne isocyanates during brush/roller application of 2-pack polyurethane paints in a tropical climate, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, Vol 7(2), p. 201-208.##PANAYIOTOPOULOS, C., (2010), in A Clinical Guide to Epileptic Syndromes and their Treatment, Eds, Springer, p. 259-274.##LANIGAN, R. J.,(1998), Kangaroo Express: The Epic Story of the Submarine Growler: with Recollections by" Skipper" Arnold Schade, RJL Express Publications.##WHITTAKER, C. J., KLIER, C. M. and KOLENBRANDER, P. E.,(1996), Mechanisms of adhesion by oral bacteria, Annual review of microbiology, Vol. 50(1), p. 513-552.##ZARI, M. P.,(2010), Biomimetic design for climate change adaptation and mitigation, Architectural Science Review, Vol. 53(2), p. 172-183.##BENTIVEGNA, V., BRANDON, P. 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Development of a Deep Neural Network Model for Predicting Operational Parameters in Plate Forming via Line Heating 2 2 The line heating process is widely used in shipbuilding to form complex curvatures in steel plates, particularly in the bow and stern sections. However, the method’s reliance on skilled operators often leads to inconsistent results. This study presents the development of a deep neural network (DNN) model to predict optimal operational parameters for plate forming via line heating, thereby improving precision, repeatability, and automation. A coupled thermomechanical finite element model was developed using ANSYS APDL to simulate temperature distribution and deformation for various heating configurations. The simulation results were used to train the DNN, which consists of multiple hidden layers with dropout regularization to enhance generalization. The model successfully learned the nonlinear relationships between input parameters (heat source speed, heat input, and the number of heating passes) and resulting deformations. The trained DNN achieved high predictive accuracy, demonstrating its potential as a real-time decision-support tool in automated plate forming systems. This integration of FEM-based simulation and AI enables more efficient, consistent, and cost-effective manufacturing in the shipbuilding industry. The proposed DNN model achieved an average predictive accuracy of 49.92%, with performance exceeding 80% for cases with distinct deformation patterns. 72 79 2025/05/272025/03/12025/06/122025/05/312025/07/62025/05/25 1404/3/4 2025/08/112025/08/232025/08/312025/09/32025/09/232025/09/27 1404/7/5 Ali Tasbihi Ali Tasbihi Iranian Classification Society ایران a.tasbihi@ics.org.ir Ashkan Babazadeh Ashkan Babazadeh Amirkabir University of Technology ایران ashkanbabazadeh@aut.ac.ir Seyed Mohsen Moosavi Seyed Mohsen Moosavi Iranian Classification Society ایران s.m.moosavi@ics.org.ir Plate Bending Line Heating Finite Element Analysis Thermo-mechanical Analysis Machine Learning Anderson, R. J. (1999). Experiments and simulation of line heating of plates (Master’s thesis, Department of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/16521516.pdf##Barry, C. D., & Fl, P. C. (1998). Benefits of heating in line heating for plate forming. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Marine Technology (pp. 112–118). Glasgow, UK.##Clausen, H. B. (2000). Plate forming by line heating (Ph.D. thesis, Department of Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark). https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/three-dimensional-numerical-simulation-of-plate-forming-by-line-h##Chen, B.-Q. (2011). Prediction of heating induced temperature fields and distortions in steel plates (Master’s thesis, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China). 97 pp.##Shahidi, A., Nekahi, M. M., & Assempour, A. (2016). Investigation on line heating process with cooling and determination of the heat paths by strain-based method. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 87(1–4), 293–304.##Shabani, Y. (2017). Finite element simulation of the impact of heat transfer from a trailing cooling source on the weld strength and plate distortion in marine structures (Master’s thesis, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology).##Takezawa, M., Matsuo, K., & Ando, T. (2021). Development of support system for ship-hull plate forming using laser scanner. International Journal of Automation Technology, 15(2), 290–296.##Tango, Y., Ishiyama, M., & Suzuki, H. (2011). Alpha IHIMU – A fully automated steel plate bending system for shipbuilding. IHI Engineering Review, 44(1), 6–11. http://www.ihi.co.jp/var/ezwebin_site/storage/original/application/554c09e1ee5ac7c9eaf1b904d4e8d83d.pdf##Jang, C. D., Moon, S. C., & Ko, D. E. (2003). Acquisition of line heating information for automatic plate forming. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Applications in Shipbuilding (ICCAS) (pp. 215–222). 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